{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T02:49:02Z","timestamp":1780368542061,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,8]],"date-time":"2025-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736294400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Astellas BV","award":["TransplantLines Biobank and Cohort study"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TransplantLines Biobank and Cohort study"]}]},{"name":"Astellas BV","award":["PA-SP\/PRJ-2020-9136"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PA-SP\/PRJ-2020-9136"]}]},{"name":"Astellas BV","award":["14939"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["14939"]}]},{"name":"Astellas BV","award":["PPP-2019-032"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PPP-2019-032"]}]},{"name":"Astellas BV","award":["PPP-2022-015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PPP-2022-015"]}]},{"name":"Astellas BV","award":["E.033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E.033"]}]},{"name":"Chiesi Pharmaceuticals BV","award":["TransplantLines Biobank and Cohort study"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TransplantLines Biobank and Cohort study"]}]},{"name":"Chiesi Pharmaceuticals BV","award":["PA-SP\/PRJ-2020-9136"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PA-SP\/PRJ-2020-9136"]}]},{"name":"Chiesi Pharmaceuticals BV","award":["14939"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["14939"]}]},{"name":"Chiesi Pharmaceuticals BV","award":["PPP-2019-032"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PPP-2019-032"]}]},{"name":"Chiesi Pharmaceuticals BV","award":["PPP-2022-015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PPP-2022-015"]}]},{"name":"Chiesi Pharmaceuticals BV","award":["E.033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E.033"]}]},{"name":"NWO\/TTW","award":["TransplantLines Biobank and Cohort study"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TransplantLines Biobank and Cohort study"]}]},{"name":"NWO\/TTW","award":["PA-SP\/PRJ-2020-9136"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PA-SP\/PRJ-2020-9136"]}]},{"name":"NWO\/TTW","award":["14939"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["14939"]}]},{"name":"NWO\/TTW","award":["PPP-2019-032"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PPP-2019-032"]}]},{"name":"NWO\/TTW","award":["PPP-2022-015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PPP-2022-015"]}]},{"name":"NWO\/TTW","award":["E.033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E.033"]}]},{"name":"Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs and Climate Policy","award":["TransplantLines Biobank and Cohort study"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TransplantLines Biobank and Cohort study"]}]},{"name":"Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs and Climate Policy","award":["PA-SP\/PRJ-2020-9136"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PA-SP\/PRJ-2020-9136"]}]},{"name":"Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs and Climate Policy","award":["14939"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["14939"]}]},{"name":"Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs and Climate Policy","award":["PPP-2019-032"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PPP-2019-032"]}]},{"name":"Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs and Climate Policy","award":["PPP-2022-015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PPP-2022-015"]}]},{"name":"Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs and Climate Policy","award":["E.033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E.033"]}]},{"name":"Dutch Kidney Foundation","award":["TransplantLines Biobank and Cohort study"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TransplantLines Biobank and Cohort study"]}]},{"name":"Dutch Kidney Foundation","award":["PA-SP\/PRJ-2020-9136"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PA-SP\/PRJ-2020-9136"]}]},{"name":"Dutch Kidney Foundation","award":["14939"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["14939"]}]},{"name":"Dutch Kidney Foundation","award":["PPP-2019-032"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PPP-2019-032"]}]},{"name":"Dutch Kidney Foundation","award":["PPP-2022-015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PPP-2022-015"]}]},{"name":"Dutch Kidney Foundation","award":["E.033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E.033"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Low-grade chronic inflammation may impact liver disease. We investigated the extent to which circulating GlycA, a glycoprotein biomarker of low-grade inflammation, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) are altered in patients with cirrhosis and liver transplant recipients (LTRs) and examined their associations with all-cause mortality. Plasma GlycA (nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy) and hs-CRP (nephelometry) were assessed in 129 patients with cirrhosis on the waiting list for liver transplantation and 367 LTRs (TransplantLines cohort study; NCT03272841) and compared with 4837 participants from the population-based PREVEND cohort. GlycA levels were lower, while hs-CRP levels were higher in patients with cirrhosis compared to PREVEND participants (p &lt; 0.001). Notably, GlycA increased, but hs-CRP decreased after transplantation. In LTRs, both GlycA and hs-CRP levels were higher than in PREVEND participants (p &lt; 0.001). Survival was impaired in patients with cirrhosis and LTRs with the highest GlycA and the highest hs-CRP tertiles. In Cox regression analysis, GlycA remained associated with mortality in cirrhotic patients after adjusting for potential confounders and for hs-CRP (HR per 1-SD increment: 2.34 [95% CI 1.07\u20135.13]), while the association with hs-CRP after adjusting was lost. In LTRs, both GlycA and hs-CRP were also associated with mortality (adjusted HR: 1.60 [95% CI: 1.2\u20132.14] and 1.64 [95% CI: 1.08\u20132.51], respectively) but not independent of each other. GlycA increases while hs-CRP decreases after liver transplantation. Both inflammatory markers may be associated with all-cause mortality in cirrhotic patients and LTRs, while the association for GlycA seems at least as strong as that for hs-CRP.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26020459","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,8]],"date-time":"2025-01-08T07:40:13Z","timestamp":1736322013000},"page":"459","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Plasma GlycA, a Glycoprotein Marker of Chronic Inflammation, and All-Cause Mortality in Cirrhotic Patients and Liver Transplant Recipients"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-8717-6476","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yakun","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 30001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4310-5657","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mateo","family":"Chvatal-Medina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 30001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9714-5809","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Camila","family":"Trillos-Almanza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 30001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3917-592X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Margery A.","family":"Connelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Labcorp, 100 Perimeter Park, Morrisville, NC 27560, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4764-0246","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Han","family":"Moshage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 30001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3356-6791","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephan J. L.","family":"Bakker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 30001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7900-5917","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vincent E.","family":"de Meijer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 30001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4240-7506","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hans","family":"Blokzijl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 30001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3844-5254","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robin P. F.","family":"Dullaart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 30001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.25952","article-title":"National Trends in Location of Death in Patients with End-Stage Liver Disease","volume":"27","author":"Kaplan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Liver Transpl."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1723","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.26209","article-title":"Medicaid Expansion Association with End-Stage Liver Disease Mortality Depends on Leniency of Medicaid Hepatitis C Virus Coverage","volume":"27","author":"Wahid","year":"2021","journal-title":"Liver Transpl."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2005.11.028","article-title":"Management of end stage liver disease (ESLD): What is the current role of orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT)?","volume":"44","author":"Miro","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2020.100192","article-title":"NAFLD and liver transplantation: Disease burden, current management and future challenges","volume":"2","author":"Burra","year":"2020","journal-title":"JHEP Rep."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10263","DOI":"10.3389\/ti.2022.10263","article-title":"Mortality and Causes of Death After Liver Transplantation: Analysis of Sex Differences in a Large Nationwide Cohort","volume":"35","author":"Serrano","year":"2022","journal-title":"Transpl. Int."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-021-00520-7","article-title":"Cirrhosis-associated immune dysfunction","volume":"19","author":"Albillos","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Trebicka, J., Amoros, A., Pitarch, C., Titos, E., Alcaraz-Quiles, J., Schierwagen, R., Deulofeu, C., Fernandez-Gomez, J., Piano, S., and Caraceni, P. (2019). Addressing Profiles of Systemic Inflammation Across the Different Clinical Phenotypes of Acutely Decompensated Cirrhosis. Front. Immunol., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00476"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2008.08.005","article-title":"Insulin resistance, inflammation, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"19","author":"Tilg","year":"2008","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2209","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000002209","article-title":"Elevated Preoperative Serum Hs-CRP Level as a Prognostic Factor in Patients Who Underwent Resection for Hepatocellular Carcinoma","volume":"94","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1186\/s41043-023-00372-8","article-title":"Association of C-reactive protein with histological, elastographic, and sonographic indices of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in individuals with severe obesity","volume":"42","author":"Jamialahmadi","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Health Popul. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2022.09.005","article-title":"Severity of systemic inflammation is the main predictor of ACLF and bleeding in individuals with acutely decompensated cirrhosis","volume":"78","author":"Zanetto","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.15734","article-title":"Predictors of clinical trajectories of patients with acutely decompensated cirrhosis. An external validation of the PREDICT study","volume":"44","author":"Pompili","year":"2024","journal-title":"Liver Int."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.12.027","article-title":"Cardiopulmonary hemodynamics and C-reactive protein as prognostic indicators in compensated and decompensated cirrhosis","volume":"68","author":"Turco","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.06.013","article-title":"The PREDICT study uncovers three clinical courses of acutely decompensated cirrhosis that have distinct pathophysiology","volume":"73","author":"Trebicka","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2014.232918","article-title":"GlycA: A Composite Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Biomarker of Systemic Inflammation","volume":"61","author":"Otvos","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Chem."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-017-1321-6","article-title":"GlycA, a novel biomarker of systemic inflammation and cardiovascular disease risk","volume":"15","author":"Connelly","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-023-03319-5","article-title":"Plasma levels of GlycA, a pro-inflammatory glycoprotein biomarker, associate with an increased risk of microvascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (Zodiac-62)","volume":"80","author":"Bourgonje","year":"2023","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e001221","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.114.001221","article-title":"A Novel Protein Glycan Biomarker and Future Cardiovascular Disease Events","volume":"3","author":"Akinkuolie","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Am. Heart Assoc."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Van Den Berg, E.H., Flores-Guerrero, J.L., Gruppen, E.G., Garcia, E., Connelly, M.A., De Meijer, V.E., Bakker, S.J.L., Blokzijl, H., and Dullaart, R.P.F. (2022). Profoundly Disturbed Lipoproteins in Cirrhotic Patients: Role of Lipoprotein-Z, a Hepatotoxic LDL-like Lipoprotein. J. Clin. Med., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11051223"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gruppen, E.G., Riphagen, I.J., Connelly, M.A., Otvos, J.D., Bakker, S.J.L., and Dullaart, R.P.F. (2015). GlycA, a Pro-Inflammatory Glycoprotein Biomarker, and Incident Cardiovascular Disease: Relationship with C-Reactive Protein and Renal Function. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0139057"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhou, H.-H., Tang, Y.-L., Xu, T.-H., and Cheng, B. (2024). C-reactive protein: Structure, function, regulation, and role in clinical diseases. Front. Immunol., 15.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1425168"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lai, C.-Y., Cheng, S.-B., Lee, T.-Y., Liu, H.-T., Huang, S.-C., and Huang, Y.-C. (2018). Possible Synergistic Effects of Glutathione and C-Reactive Protein in the Progression of Liver Cirrhosis. Nutrients, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10060678"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1006","article-title":"Noninvasive diagnosis of liver cirrhosis using DNA sequencer\u2013based total serum protein glycomics","volume":"10","author":"Callewaert","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Scheper, A.F., Schofield, J., Bohara, R., Ritter, T., and Pandit, A. (2023). Understanding glycosylation: Regulation through the metabolic flux of precursor pathways. Biotechnol. Adv., 67.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biotechadv.2023.108184"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3131","DOI":"10.1021\/pr500146y","article-title":"The Role and Importance of Glycosylation of Acute Phase Proteins with Focus on Alpha-1 Antitrypsin in Acute and Chronic Inflammatory Conditions","volume":"13","author":"McCarthy","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Proteome Res."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/hvac160","article-title":"The Inflammation Biomarker GlycA Reflects Plasma N-Glycan Branching","volume":"69","author":"Noel","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. Chem."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1186\/s40246-019-0233-3","article-title":"SLC39A8 gene encoding a metal ion transporter: Discovery and bench to bedside","volume":"13","author":"Nebert","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hum. Genom."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2407","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI90896","article-title":"Hepatic metal ion transporter ZIP8 regulates manganese homeostasis and manganese-dependent enzyme activity","volume":"127","author":"Lin","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2015.01.005","article-title":"Prediction of Gross Post-Transplant Outcomes Based on the Intra-Operative Decline in C-Reactive Protein in Living Donor Liver Transplantation","volume":"47","author":"Chung","year":"2015","journal-title":"Transplant. Proc."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.12953","article-title":"GlycA, a novel pro-inflammatory glycoprotein biomarker is associated with mortality: Results from the PREVEND study and meta-analysis","volume":"286","author":"Gruppen","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-019-0198-4","article-title":"The intestinal microbiota fuelling metabolic inflammation","volume":"20","author":"Tilg","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Trillos-Almanza, M.C., Chvatal-Medina, M., Connelly, M.A., Moshage, H., TransplantLines Investigators Bakker, S.J.L., De Meijer, V.E., Blokzijl, H., and Dullaart, R.P.F. (2024). Circulating Trimethylamine-N-Oxide Is Elevated in Liver Transplant Recipients. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25116031"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0000000000003494","article-title":"Intestinal Dysbiosis Correlates with Sirolimus-induced Metabolic Disorders in Mice","volume":"105","author":"Han","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Faucher, Q., Jardou, M., Brossier, C., Picard, N., Marquet, P., and Lawson, R. (2022). Is Intestinal Dysbiosis-Associated with Immunosuppressive Therapy a Key Factor in the Pathophysiology of Post-Transplant Diabetes Mellitus?. Front. Endocrinol., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.898878"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2016.255828","article-title":"Comparison of the Predictive Value of GlycA and Other Biomarkers of Inflammation for Total Death, Incident Cardiovascular Events, Noncardiovascular and Noncancer Inflammatory-Related Events, and Total Cancer Events","volume":"62","author":"Duprez","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Chem."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3600","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2017-01057","article-title":"Differential Associations of Inflammatory Markers with Insulin Sensitivity and Secretion: The Prospective METSIM Study","volume":"102","author":"Fizelova","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2018.09.011","article-title":"Decreased GlycA after lifestyle intervention among obese, prediabetic adolescent Latinos","volume":"13","author":"Olson","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clin. Lipidol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.13481","article-title":"Elevated GlycA in severe obesity is normalized by bariatric surgery","volume":"21","author":"Manmadhan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes. Metab."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1495","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2014.07.013","article-title":"The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Statement: Guidelines for reporting observational studies","volume":"12","author":"Altman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Surg."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e024502","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-024502","article-title":"Rationale and design of TransplantLines: A prospective cohort study and biobank of solid organ transplant recipients","volume":"8","author":"Eisenga","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"World Medical Association (2013). World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki: Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects. JAMA, 310, 2191.","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.281053"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4198","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2005-0182","article-title":"The Effect of Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein \u2212629C\u2192A Promoter Polymorphism on High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Is Dependent on Serum Triglycerides","volume":"90","author":"Borggreve","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2010.02323.x","article-title":"Apolipoprotein B\/A-I and total cholesterol\/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratios both predict cardiovascular events in the general population independently of nonlipid risk factors, albuminuria and C-reactive protein","volume":"269","author":"Kappelle","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1114248","article-title":"Estimating Glomerular Filtration Rate from Serum Creatinine and Cystatin C","volume":"367","author":"Inker","year":"2012","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2003.50016","article-title":"Model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) and allocation of donor livers","volume":"124","author":"Wiesner","year":"2003","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800600817","article-title":"Transection of the oesophagus for bleeding oesophageal varices","volume":"60","author":"Pugh","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br. J. Surg."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bedi, S., Garcia, E., Jeyarajah, E., Shalaurova, I., Perez-Matos, M., Jiang, Z., Dullaart, R., Matyus, S., Kirk, W., and Otvos, J. (2020). Characterization of LP-Z Lipoprotein Particles and Quantification in Subjects with Liver Disease Using a Newly Developed NMR-Based Assay. J. Clin. Med., 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9092915"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/26\/2\/459\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T10:24:40Z","timestamp":1759919080000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/26\/2\/459"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,8]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms26020459"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms26020459","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,8]]}}}