{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T03:05:09Z","timestamp":1779246309913,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,8]],"date-time":"2025-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736294400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006769","name":"Russian Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22-16-00109"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22-16-00109"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006769","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>It is well known that individual pea (Pisum sativum L.) cultivars differ in their symbiotic responsivity. This trait is typically manifested with an increase in seed weights, due to inoculation with rhizobial bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. The aim of this study was to characterize alterations in the root proteome of highly responsive pea genotype k-8274 plants and low responsive genotype k-3358 ones grown in non-sterile soil, which were associated with root colonization with rhizobial bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (in comparison to proteome shifts caused by soil supplementation with mineral nitrogen salts). Our results clearly indicate that supplementation of the soil with mineral nitrogen-containing salts switched the root proteome of both genotypes to assimilation of the available nitrogen, whereas the processes associated with nitrogen fixation were suppressed. Surprisingly, inoculation with rhizobial bacteria had only a minor effect on the root proteomes of both genotypes. The most pronounced response was observed for the highly responsive k-8274 genotype inoculated simultaneously with rhizobial bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. This response involved activation of the proteins related to redox metabolism and suppression of excessive nodule formation. In turn, the low responsive genotype k-3358 demonstrated a pronounced inoculation-induced suppression of protein metabolism and enhanced diverse defense reactions in pea roots under the same soil conditions. The results of the study shed light on the molecular basis of differential symbiotic responsivity in different pea cultivars. The raw data are available in the PRIDE repository under the project accession number PXD058701 and project DOI 10.6019\/PXD058701.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26020463","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,8]],"date-time":"2025-01-08T07:40:13Z","timestamp":1736322013000},"page":"463","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Responsivity of Two Pea Genotypes to the Symbiosis with Rhizobia and Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Fungi\u2014A Proteomics Aspect of the \u201cEfficiency of Interactions with Beneficial Soil Microorganisms\u201d Trait"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Andrej","family":"Frolov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Analytical Biochemistry and Biotechnology, K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology Russian Academy of Science, 119334 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Shumilina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Analytical Biochemistry and Biotechnology, K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology Russian Academy of Science, 119334 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Etemadi Afshar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther Universit\u00e4t Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valeria","family":"Mashkina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biology, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ekaterina","family":"Rhomanovskaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biology, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0889-2395","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Lukasheva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biology, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Tsarev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biology, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2300-857X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anton S.","family":"Sulima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, 196608 St. Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Oksana Y.","family":"Shtark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, 196608 St. Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Ihling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther Universit\u00e4t Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7318-8628","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alena","family":"Soboleva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Analytical Biochemistry and Biotechnology, K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology Russian Academy of Science, 119334 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8968-854X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Igor A.","family":"Tikhonovich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biology, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia"},{"name":"All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, 196608 St. Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2411-9191","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vladimir A.","family":"Zhukov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, 196608 St. Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Iqbal, S., Riaz, U., Murtaza, G., Jamil, M., Ahmed, M., Hussain, A., and Abbas, Z. 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