{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T06:37:26Z","timestamp":1774420646926,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]],"date-time":"2025-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736380800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Medical Technology Development Program of the National Research Foundation (NRF)","award":["2020M3A9E4104384"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020M3A9E4104384"]}]},{"name":"Medical Technology Development Program of the National Research Foundation (NRF)","award":["2020M3A9E4104384"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020M3A9E4104384"]}]},{"name":"Medical Technology Development Program of the National Research Foundation (NRF)","award":["GCU-202206140001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GCU-202206140001"]}]},{"name":"Korean government (MSIT)","award":["2020M3A9E4104384"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020M3A9E4104384"]}]},{"name":"Korean government (MSIT)","award":["2020M3A9E4104384"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020M3A9E4104384"]}]},{"name":"Korean government (MSIT)","award":["GCU-202206140001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GCU-202206140001"]}]},{"name":"Gachon University research fund of 2022","award":["2020M3A9E4104384"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020M3A9E4104384"]}]},{"name":"Gachon University research fund of 2022","award":["2020M3A9E4104384"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020M3A9E4104384"]}]},{"name":"Gachon University research fund of 2022","award":["GCU-202206140001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GCU-202206140001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ischemic stroke, caused by blocked cerebral blood flow, requires prompt intervention to prevent severe motor and cognitive impairments. Despite extensive drug development efforts, the failure rate of clinical trials remains high, highlighting the need for novel therapeutic approaches. This study investigated the therapeutic potential of a natural herbal extract mixture of Astragalus mongholicus Bunge (AM) and Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (SB), traditionally used in Eastern Asian herbal medicine (EAHM) for ischemic stroke treatment. Using transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) and photothrombotic (PTB) mouse models, oral administration of the AM-SB mixture was evaluated during both acute and chronic phases. Results showed that AM-SB significantly reduced infarction volume, inflammation (IL-1\u03b2, TNF-\u03b1), and pyroptosis-related markers (NLRP3, GSDMD, ASC, Caspase-1), while decreasing gliosis and improving cerebral metabolites. Behavioral assessments revealed that early and sustained AM-SB intervention enhanced motor and cognitive functions, as measured by mNSS, Rotarod, Novel Object Recognition, and Passive Avoidance tests. These findings suggest that AM-SB extract is a promising alternative therapy for ischemic stroke management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26020501","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]],"date-time":"2025-01-09T07:00:47Z","timestamp":1736406047000},"page":"501","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Astragalus mongholicus and Scutellaria baicalensis Extracts Mixture Target Pyroptosis in Ischemic Stroke via the NLRP3 Pathway"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-0442-5796","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Geon","family":"Ko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Science & Technology, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2631-5049","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinho","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Science & Technology, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yongjae","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Science & Technology, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yeong-Jae","family":"Jeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Science & Technology, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hyun-Man","family":"Baek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Science & Technology, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Basic Neuroscience, Neuroscience Research Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1075-0713","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Donghun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Herbal Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6157-6340","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Keun-A","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Science & Technology, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Basic Neuroscience, Neuroscience Research Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1330","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.122.040073","article-title":"Projected Global Trends in Ischemic Stroke Incidence, Deaths and Disability-Adjusted Life Years From 2020 to 2030","volume":"54","author":"Pu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1177\/17474930211065917","article-title":"World Stroke Organization (WSO): Global Stroke Fact Sheet 2022","volume":"17","author":"Feigin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. 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