{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T18:28:57Z","timestamp":1778610537733,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]],"date-time":"2025-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736380800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009533","name":"Armenian National Science and Education Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22AN:NS-molbio-2700"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22AN:NS-molbio-2700"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009533","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009533","name":"Armenian National Science and Education Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N 1-18\/24-I\/IMB"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N 1-18\/24-I\/IMB"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009533","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Higher Education and Science Committee of MESCS RA","award":["22AN:NS-molbio-2700"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22AN:NS-molbio-2700"]}]},{"name":"Higher Education and Science Committee of MESCS RA","award":["N 1-18\/24-I\/IMB"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N 1-18\/24-I\/IMB"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The global dissemination of Klebsiella pneumoniae pathotypes with multidrug-resistant (MDR) and hypervirulent traits poses a threat to public health. The situation in Armenia is unclear, and we performed a comprehensive characterisation of 48 clinical isolates of K. pneumoniae, collected from 2018 to 2024. The majority of the isolates (64.58%) were extensively drug-resistant (XDR) and MDR. Genomic analysis of 21 isolates revealed the presence of international high-risk MDR clones (ST395, ST15, and ST307). The ST395 strains were isolated from children and resisted the first-line drugs such as beta-lactams. These isolates harboured a range of virulence determinants, from capsule polysaccharides to siderophores to regulators of the mucoid phenotype. The ST395 strains are enriched by ICEs, plasmids, and prophages, on which antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and virulence genes are located and which may lead to the convergence of MDR and hypervirulent traits. There is a widespread non-specific AMR mechanism among our K. pneumoniae strains. These are mutations in the porin genes, which reduce permeability to antimicrobials, and mutations in the regulators of efflux pumps, which lead to overexpression of drug efflux pumps such as AcrAB. These mechanisms may contribute to the elevated MICs and confer AMR to strains with no specific AMR genes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26020504","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]],"date-time":"2025-01-09T07:00:47Z","timestamp":1736406047000},"page":"504","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Molecular Epidemiology and In-Depth Characterization of Klebsiella pneumoniae Clinical Isolates from Armenia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9013-3103","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anahit","family":"Sedrakyan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences of RA, Yerevan 0014, Armenia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zaruhi","family":"Gevorgyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Yerevan State Medical University After M. Heratsi, Yerevan 0025, Armenia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3083-3903","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Magdalina","family":"Zakharyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences of RA, Yerevan 0014, Armenia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-2202-2476","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karine","family":"Arakelova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences of RA, Yerevan 0014, Armenia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2985-3926","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shoghik","family":"Hakobyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences of RA, Yerevan 0014, Armenia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alvard","family":"Hovhannisyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences of RA, Yerevan 0014, Armenia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5811-8322","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rustam","family":"Aminov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Antimicrobial Resistance Collaborators (2022). 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