{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,26]],"date-time":"2026-07-26T01:47:23Z","timestamp":1785030443782,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":137,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,10]],"date-time":"2025-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736467200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004333","name":"Novo Nordisk Fundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NNF21OC0071244"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NNF21OC0071244"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004333","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Pituitary adenomas are a diverse group of neoplasms with variable clinical behavior. Despite advances in genetic analysis, understanding the role of epigenetic modifications, particularly DNA methylation, remains an area under investigation. This scoping review aimed to update and synthesize the current body of literature on DNA methylation in pituitary adenomas, focusing on methodological advancements and clinical correlations. A systematic search conducted across multiple databases, including Embase, Scopus, MEDLINE, and CENTRAL, identified 107 eligible studies. Early methods, such as methylation-restricted digestion and methylation-specific PCR (MSP), have evolved into more comprehensive approaches, such as chip-based DNA methylation analysis. Key findings suggest that genes like POMC, SOCS-1, and RASSF1A show a significant association between methylation and clinical behavior. However, methylation patterns alone are insufficient to fully explain tumorigenesis. Emerging data suggest that DNA methylation might serve as a prognostic marker for invasive growth and recurrence, but further longitudinal studies are needed. This review highlights the need for future research to explore the methylome more thoroughly and to better define the clinical impact of epigenetic modifications in pituitary adenomas.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26020531","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,10]],"date-time":"2025-01-10T03:48:11Z","timestamp":1736480891000},"page":"531","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["DNA Methylation in Pituitary Adenomas: A Scoping Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5677-0969","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Morten Winkler","family":"M\u00f8ller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Odense University Hospital, DK-5000 Odense, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000 Odense, Denmark"},{"name":"BRIDGE (Brain Research-Inter Disciplinary Guided Excellence), University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000 Odense, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-1562-5115","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mathias Just","family":"Nortvig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Odense University Hospital, DK-5000 Odense, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000 Odense, Denmark"},{"name":"BRIDGE (Brain Research-Inter Disciplinary Guided Excellence), University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000 Odense, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4347-6626","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mikkel Schou","family":"Andersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Odense University Hospital, DK-5000 Odense, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000 Odense, Denmark"},{"name":"BRIDGE (Brain Research-Inter Disciplinary Guided Excellence), University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000 Odense, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5715-6901","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frantz Rom","family":"Poulsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Odense University Hospital, DK-5000 Odense, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000 Odense, Denmark"},{"name":"BRIDGE (Brain Research-Inter Disciplinary Guided Excellence), University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000 Odense, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1007\/s12022-017-9498-z","article-title":"Overview of the 2017 WHO Classification of Pituitary Tumors","volume":"28","author":"Mete","year":"2017","journal-title":"Endocr. 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