{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T07:56:08Z","timestamp":1791618968143,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,14]],"date-time":"2025-01-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736812800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII, Spain)","award":["PI18\/01252"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI18\/01252"]}]},{"name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII, Spain)","award":["JR19\/00005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JR19\/00005"]}]},{"name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII, Spain)","award":["FI22\/00013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FI22\/00013"]}]},{"name":"European Social Fund","award":["PI18\/01252"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI18\/01252"]}]},{"name":"European Social Fund","award":["JR19\/00005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JR19\/00005"]}]},{"name":"European Social Fund","award":["FI22\/00013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FI22\/00013"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic inflammatory esophageal disorder. The lack of non-invasive biomarkers currently results in dependency on endoscopy with biopsies for its diagnosis and monitoring. We aimed to identify potential non-invasive biomarkers using microRNAs (miRNAs) in plasma-derived extracellular vesicles (pEVs). This was a prospective single-center observational study of a discovery cohort of EoE patients (n = 26) with active disease (EoE.Basal) and after anti-inflammatory treatment (EoE.Post.tx) and control subjects (n = 16). Small-RNA-seq was performed to identify differentially regulated small RNAs (sRNAs). Candidate miRNAs were validated in an independent cohort (EoE patients, n = 33; controls, n = 14). The pEVs-sRNA cargo differed among conditions. Compared with controls, Ser_Comb_22, Leu_Comb_5, miR-10b-5p, and miR-125a-5p were upregulated in EoE.Basal, and miR-224-5p, miR-221-3p, let-7d-5p, and miR-191-5p were downregulated. The combination of miR-221-3p and miR-10b-5p showed the best diagnostic performance. Comparing paired EoE samples, miR-374a-5p and miR-30a-3p were upregulated in EoE.Basal, while miR-15a-5p and let-7d-5p were downregulated. Combined miR-30a-3p and miR-15a-5p showed the best AUC values, and miR-30a-3p alone was best as a monitoring biomarker (p = 0.001). In conclusion, pEVs-sRNA changed upon inflammation in EoE patients, and miR-30a-3p was proposed as a potential biomarker for monitoring the treatment. This study was the first to explore the use of pEVs as a non-invasive biomarker for EoE.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26020639","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,14]],"date-time":"2025-01-14T03:29:43Z","timestamp":1736825383000},"page":"639","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["MicroRNAs in Plasma-Derived Extracellular Vesicles as Non-Invasive Biomarkers for Eosinophilic Esophagitis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Elena","family":"Grueso-Navarro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital General de Tomelloso, 13700 Tomelloso, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Hep\u00e1ticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria de Castilla-La Mancha (IDISCAM), 45071 Toledo, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-7394-8967","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leticia","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Alcolado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital General de Tomelloso, 13700 Tomelloso, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Hep\u00e1ticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria de Castilla-La Mancha (IDISCAM), 45071 Toledo, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, Medical and Social Sciences, Universidad de Alcal\u00e1, 28805 Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2132-9350","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Arias-Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital General de Tomelloso, 13700 Tomelloso, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Hep\u00e1ticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria de Castilla-La Mancha (IDISCAM), 45071 Toledo, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8271-612X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana M.","family":"Aransay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Hep\u00e1ticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Center for Cooperate Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160 Derio, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7613-3908","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan-Jos\u00e9","family":"Lozano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Hep\u00e1ticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Sidorova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Hep\u00e1ticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roc\u00edo","family":"Ju\u00e1rez-Tosina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Hospital General La Mancha Centro, 13600 Alc\u00e1zar de San Juan, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7444-9076","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jes\u00fas","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Cervera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria de Castilla-La Mancha (IDISCAM), 45071 Toledo, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Allergy, Hospital General de Tomelloso, 13700 Tomelloso, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1183-1072","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alfredo J.","family":"Lucendo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital General de Tomelloso, 13700 Tomelloso, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Hep\u00e1ticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria de Castilla-La Mancha (IDISCAM), 45071 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Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1177\/2050640616689525","article-title":"Guidelines on Eosinophilic Esophagitis: Evidence-Based Statements and Recommendations for Diagnosis and Management in Children and Adults","volume":"5","author":"Lucendo","year":"2017","journal-title":"United Eur. 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