{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T03:59:54Z","timestamp":1772596794598,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,14]],"date-time":"2025-01-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736812800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Obesity is a global epidemic associated with chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and metabolic disorders. Bariatric surgery is a highly effective intervention for sustained weight loss and the improvement of obesity-related comorbidities. However, post-surgery nutritional deficiencies, including vitamin E, remain a concern. This study investigates the role of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes related to vitamin E transport and bioavailability in determining vitamin E levels post bariatric surgery. A cohort of 140 patients with obesity undergoing bariatric surgery was analyzed. Serum vitamin E levels were measured before and one year after surgery, and SNPs in genes associated with vitamin E transport and metabolism were genotyped using PCR, DHPLC, and sequencing methods. Associations between SNPs, haplotypes, and vitamin E levels were statistically evaluated. Significant associations were observed between the APOE rs7412 SNP and serum vitamin E levels. The rare T allele was linked to lower vitamin E levels post surgery, with an increased frequency in patients with severe deficiency (&lt;11.6 \u03bcmol\/L). Haplotype analysis of APOE revealed that the \u03b52 haplotype (T-T) was strongly associated with vitamin E deficiency. Other SNPs, including CD36 rs1761667, SCARB1 rs4238001, and ABCA1 rs4149314, were also linked to changes in vitamin E levels, suggesting that an impaired bioavailability and transport can be the reason for low vitamin E levels post surgery. Genetic polymorphisms in APOE, CD36, SCARB1, and ABCA1 significantly influence vitamin E status after bariatric surgery. These findings highlight the importance of personalized supplementation strategies considering patients\u2019 genetic profiles to mitigate the risk of vitamin E deficiency and related complications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26020651","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,14]],"date-time":"2025-01-14T07:35:47Z","timestamp":1736840147000},"page":"651","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Impact of Genetic Variants on Vitamin E Levels in an Italian Cohort of Bariatric Surgery Patients: A Focus on SNPs Involved with Transport and Bioavailability"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2431-0308","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia","family":"Ricci","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy"},{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical and Translational Research, University Hospital of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Annalisa","family":"Bufano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabriele","family":"Iraci Sareri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Simon Batzibal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlotta","family":"Marzocchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical and Translational Research, University Hospital of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giorgia","family":"Simoncelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Delia","family":"Righi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-2019-0822","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonia","family":"Salvemini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Ciuoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leonardo","family":"Di Stefano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1190-7962","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicoletta","family":"Benenati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tommaso","family":"Regoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7260-5728","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kateryna","family":"Miedviedieva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Tirone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Bariatric Surgery, Department of General and Specialized Surgery, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Costantino","family":"Voglino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Bariatric Surgery, Department of General and Specialized Surgery, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, 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