{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T00:33:30Z","timestamp":1778632410074,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,14]],"date-time":"2025-01-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736812800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPQ)","award":["304835\/2022-6"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["304835\/2022-6"]}]},{"name":"National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPQ)","award":["401235\/2020-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["401235\/2020-3"]}]},{"name":"National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPQ)","award":["302935\/2021-5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["302935\/2021-5"]}]},{"name":"National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPQ)","award":["303837\/2023-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["303837\/2023-3"]}]},{"name":"National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPQ)","award":["310135\/2022-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["310135\/2022-2"]}]},{"name":"National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPQ)","award":["406360\/2022-7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["406360\/2022-7"]}]},{"name":"National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPQ)","award":["005\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["005\/2020"]}]},{"name":"National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPQ)","award":["09\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["09\/2021"]}]},{"name":"National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPQ)","award":["PAPQ\/2024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PAPQ\/2024"]}]},{"name":"National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPQ)","award":["88887.506617\/2020-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["88887.506617\/2020-00"]}]},{"name":"National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPQ)","award":["88887.657670\/2021-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["88887.657670\/2021-00"]}]},{"name":"Institute National Institute of Science and Technology in Emerging and Reemerging Viruses (INCT-VER)","award":["304835\/2022-6"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["304835\/2022-6"]}]},{"name":"Institute National Institute of Science and Technology in Emerging and Reemerging Viruses (INCT-VER)","award":["401235\/2020-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["401235\/2020-3"]}]},{"name":"Institute National Institute of Science and Technology in Emerging and Reemerging Viruses (INCT-VER)","award":["302935\/2021-5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["302935\/2021-5"]}]},{"name":"Institute National Institute of Science and Technology in Emerging and Reemerging Viruses (INCT-VER)","award":["303837\/2023-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["303837\/2023-3"]}]},{"name":"Institute National Institute of Science and Technology in Emerging and Reemerging Viruses (INCT-VER)","award":["310135\/2022-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["310135\/2022-2"]}]},{"name":"Institute National Institute of Science and Technology in Emerging and Reemerging Viruses (INCT-VER)","award":["406360\/2022-7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["406360\/2022-7"]}]},{"name":"Institute National Institute of Science and Technology in Emerging and Reemerging Viruses (INCT-VER)","award":["005\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["005\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Institute National Institute of Science and Technology in Emerging and Reemerging Viruses (INCT-VER)","award":["09\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["09\/2021"]}]},{"name":"Institute National Institute of Science and Technology in Emerging and Reemerging Viruses (INCT-VER)","award":["PAPQ\/2024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PAPQ\/2024"]}]},{"name":"Institute National Institute of Science and Technology in Emerging and Reemerging Viruses (INCT-VER)","award":["88887.506617\/2020-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["88887.506617\/2020-00"]}]},{"name":"Institute National Institute of Science and Technology in Emerging and Reemerging Viruses (INCT-VER)","award":["88887.657670\/2021-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["88887.657670\/2021-00"]}]},{"name":"Amazon Foundation for Studies and Research of Par\u00e1 (FAPESPA)","award":["304835\/2022-6"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["304835\/2022-6"]}]},{"name":"Amazon Foundation for Studies and Research of Par\u00e1 (FAPESPA)","award":["401235\/2020-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["401235\/2020-3"]}]},{"name":"Amazon Foundation for Studies and Research of Par\u00e1 (FAPESPA)","award":["302935\/2021-5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["302935\/2021-5"]}]},{"name":"Amazon Foundation for Studies and Research of Par\u00e1 (FAPESPA)","award":["303837\/2023-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["303837\/2023-3"]}]},{"name":"Amazon Foundation for Studies and Research of Par\u00e1 (FAPESPA)","award":["310135\/2022-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["310135\/2022-2"]}]},{"name":"Amazon Foundation for Studies and Research of Par\u00e1 (FAPESPA)","award":["406360\/2022-7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["406360\/2022-7"]}]},{"name":"Amazon Foundation for Studies and Research of Par\u00e1 (FAPESPA)","award":["005\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["005\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Amazon Foundation for Studies and Research of Par\u00e1 (FAPESPA)","award":["09\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["09\/2021"]}]},{"name":"Amazon Foundation for Studies and Research of Par\u00e1 (FAPESPA)","award":["PAPQ\/2024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PAPQ\/2024"]}]},{"name":"Amazon Foundation for Studies and Research of Par\u00e1 (FAPESPA)","award":["88887.506617\/2020-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["88887.506617\/2020-00"]}]},{"name":"Amazon Foundation for Studies and Research of Par\u00e1 (FAPESPA)","award":["88887.657670\/2021-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["88887.657670\/2021-00"]}]},{"name":"Secretariat of Science, Technology and Higher Professional and Technological Education (SECTET)","award":["304835\/2022-6"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["304835\/2022-6"]}]},{"name":"Secretariat of Science, Technology and Higher Professional and Technological Education (SECTET)","award":["401235\/2020-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["401235\/2020-3"]}]},{"name":"Secretariat of Science, Technology and Higher Professional and Technological Education (SECTET)","award":["302935\/2021-5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["302935\/2021-5"]}]},{"name":"Secretariat of Science, Technology and Higher Professional and Technological Education (SECTET)","award":["303837\/2023-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["303837\/2023-3"]}]},{"name":"Secretariat of Science, Technology and Higher Professional and Technological Education (SECTET)","award":["310135\/2022-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["310135\/2022-2"]}]},{"name":"Secretariat of Science, Technology and Higher Professional and Technological Education (SECTET)","award":["406360\/2022-7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["406360\/2022-7"]}]},{"name":"Secretariat of Science, Technology and Higher Professional and Technological Education (SECTET)","award":["005\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["005\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Secretariat of Science, Technology and Higher Professional and Technological Education (SECTET)","award":["09\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["09\/2021"]}]},{"name":"Secretariat of Science, Technology and Higher Professional and Technological Education (SECTET)","award":["PAPQ\/2024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PAPQ\/2024"]}]},{"name":"Secretariat of Science, Technology and Higher Professional and Technological Education (SECTET)","award":["88887.506617\/2020-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["88887.506617\/2020-00"]}]},{"name":"Secretariat of Science, Technology and Higher Professional and Technological Education (SECTET)","award":["88887.657670\/2021-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["88887.657670\/2021-00"]}]},{"name":"Federal University of Par\u00e1","award":["304835\/2022-6"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["304835\/2022-6"]}]},{"name":"Federal University of Par\u00e1","award":["401235\/2020-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["401235\/2020-3"]}]},{"name":"Federal University of Par\u00e1","award":["302935\/2021-5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["302935\/2021-5"]}]},{"name":"Federal University of Par\u00e1","award":["303837\/2023-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["303837\/2023-3"]}]},{"name":"Federal University of Par\u00e1","award":["310135\/2022-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["310135\/2022-2"]}]},{"name":"Federal University of Par\u00e1","award":["406360\/2022-7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["406360\/2022-7"]}]},{"name":"Federal University of Par\u00e1","award":["005\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["005\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Federal University of Par\u00e1","award":["09\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["09\/2021"]}]},{"name":"Federal University of Par\u00e1","award":["PAPQ\/2024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PAPQ\/2024"]}]},{"name":"Federal University of Par\u00e1","award":["88887.506617\/2020-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["88887.506617\/2020-00"]}]},{"name":"Federal University of Par\u00e1","award":["88887.657670\/2021-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["88887.657670\/2021-00"]}]},{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior (CAPES)","award":["304835\/2022-6"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["304835\/2022-6"]}]},{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior (CAPES)","award":["401235\/2020-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["401235\/2020-3"]}]},{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior (CAPES)","award":["302935\/2021-5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["302935\/2021-5"]}]},{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior (CAPES)","award":["303837\/2023-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["303837\/2023-3"]}]},{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior (CAPES)","award":["310135\/2022-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["310135\/2022-2"]}]},{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior (CAPES)","award":["406360\/2022-7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["406360\/2022-7"]}]},{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior (CAPES)","award":["005\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["005\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior (CAPES)","award":["09\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["09\/2021"]}]},{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior (CAPES)","award":["PAPQ\/2024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PAPQ\/2024"]}]},{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior (CAPES)","award":["88887.506617\/2020-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["88887.506617\/2020-00"]}]},{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior (CAPES)","award":["88887.657670\/2021-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["88887.657670\/2021-00"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The apoptotic molecule Fas and its ligand FasL are involved in the process of T-lymphocyte death, which may lead to lymphopenia, a characteristic of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In this study, we investigated the influence of polymorphisms in the FAS and FASL genes, FAS and FASL gene expression, and plasma cytokine levels on COVID-19 severity and long COVID occurrence. A total of 116 individuals with severe COVID-19 and 254 with the non-severe form of the disease were evaluated. In the post-COVID-19 period, samples from 196 individuals with long COVID and 67 from people who did not have long COVID were included. Genotyping and quantification of gene expression were performed via real-time PCR, and cytokine measurement was performed via flow cytometry. The AA genotype for FAS rs1800682 (A\/G) and the TT genotype for FASL rs763110 (C\/T) were associated with increased FAS and FASL gene expression, respectively (p &lt; 0.005). Higher plasma IFN-\u03b3 levels were associated with higher FAS and FASL gene expression (p &lt; 0.05). Among individuals with non-severe COVID-19, carriers of the AA genotype for FAS rs1800682 (A\/G) had higher levels of FAS expression, more symptoms, and higher IFN-\u03b3 levels (p &lt; 0.05). No association of the evaluated markers with long COVID were observed. The AA genotype of FAS rs1800682 (A\/G) and the TT genotype of FASL rs763110 (C\/T) influence the levels of FAS and FASL gene expression. Higher gene expression of FAS and FASL may lead to greater inflammation in COVID-19 patients, with higher levels of IFN-\u03b3 and T lymphocyte death.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26020666","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,14]],"date-time":"2025-01-14T11:28:31Z","timestamp":1736854111000},"page":"666","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Polymorphisms Influence the Expression of the Fas and FasL Genes in COVID-19"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-5170-7216","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wandrey Roberto","family":"dos Santos Brito","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 66075-110, Brazil"},{"name":"Graduate Program in Biology of Infectious and Parasitic Agents, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 66075-110, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William Botelho","family":"de Brito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 66075-110, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fabiane","family":"dos Santos Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 66075-110, Brazil"},{"name":"Graduate Program in Biology of Infectious and Parasitic Agents, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 66075-110, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emmanuelle Giuliana Mendes","family":"Santana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 66075-110, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeferson","family":"da Costa Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 66075-110, Brazil"},{"name":"Graduate Program in Biology of Infectious and Parasitic Agents, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 66075-110, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7079-4844","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ednelza","family":"da Silva Gra\u00e7a Amoras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 66075-110, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5137-7770","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandra Souza","family":"Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 66075-110, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9188-1066","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erika Ferreira","family":"dos Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Biology of Infectious and Parasitic Agents, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 66075-110, Brazil"},{"name":"Laboratory of Genetics of Complex Diseases, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 66075-110, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5667-0754","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fl\u00e1via P\u00f3voa","family":"da Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Biology of Infectious and Parasitic Agents, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 66075-110, Brazil"},{"name":"Laboratory of Genetics of Complex Diseases, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 66075-110, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0776-6212","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kevin Matheus Lima","family":"de Sarges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Biology of Infectious and Parasitic Agents, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 66075-110, Brazil"},{"name":"Laboratory of Genetics of Complex Diseases, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 66075-110, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2263-8403","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcos Henrique Damasceno","family":"Cantanhede","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Biology of Infectious and Parasitic Agents, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 66075-110, Brazil"},{"name":"Laboratory of Genetics of Complex Diseases, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 66075-110, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8165-8629","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mioni Thieli Figueiredo Magalh\u00e3es","family":"de Brito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Genetics of Complex Diseases, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 66075-110, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4299-0252","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andr\u00e9a Luciana Soares","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Genetics of Complex Diseases, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 66075-110, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3620-3470","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mauro","family":"de Meira Leite","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Genetics of Complex Diseases, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 66075-110, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"de Nazar\u00e9 do Socorro de Almeida Viana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Biology of Infectious and Parasitic Agents, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 66075-110, Brazil"},{"name":"Laboratory of Genetics of Complex Diseases, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 66075-110, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4294-4099","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fab\u00edola Brasil Barbosa","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Biology of Infectious and Parasitic Agents, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 66075-110, Brazil"},{"name":"Laboratory of Genetics of Complex Diseases, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 66075-110, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8913-2971","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosilene","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Biology of Infectious and Parasitic Agents, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 66075-110, Brazil"},{"name":"Laboratory of Genetics of Complex Diseases, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 66075-110, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giselle Maria Rachid","family":"Viana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Basic Research on Malaria, Parasitology Section, Evandro Chagas Institute, Health and Environment Surveillance Secretariat, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Ananindeua 66093-020, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T\u00e2nia","family":"do Socorro Souza Chaves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Basic Research on Malaria, Parasitology Section, Evandro Chagas Institute, Health and Environment Surveillance Secretariat, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Ananindeua 66093-020, Brazil"},{"name":"School of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Federal University of Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 66075-110, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adriana","family":"de Oliveira Lameira Ver\u00edssimo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bel\u00e9m Adventist Hospital, Bel\u00e9m 66093-904, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mayara","family":"da Silva Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bel\u00e9m Adventist Hospital, Bel\u00e9m 66093-904, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniele Freitas","family":"Henriques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers Section, Evandro Chagas Institute, Health and Environment Surveillance Secretariat, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Ananindeua 66093-020, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carla Pinheiro","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers Section, Evandro Chagas Institute, Health and Environment Surveillance Secretariat, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Ananindeua 66093-020, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juliana Abreu Lima","family":"Nunes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunology, Section of Virology, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Health and Environment Surveillance Secretariat, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Ananindeua 66093-020, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Iran Barros","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunology, Section of Virology, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Health and Environment Surveillance Secretariat, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Ananindeua 66093-020, Brazil"},{"name":"Graduate Program in Virology, Evandro Chagas Institute, Department of Science, Technology, Innovation and Strategic Health Inputs, Ministry of Health of Brazil, Ananindeua 66093-020, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2600-4109","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Igor","family":"Brasil-Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunology, Section of Virology, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Health and Environment Surveillance Secretariat, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Ananindeua 66093-020, Brazil"},{"name":"Graduate Program in Virology, Evandro Chagas Institute, Department of Science, Technology, Innovation and Strategic Health Inputs, Ministry of Health of Brazil, Ananindeua 66093-020, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6267-9966","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juarez Ant\u00f4nio Sim\u00f5es","family":"Quaresma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Virology, Evandro Chagas Institute, Department of Science, Technology, Innovation and Strategic Health Inputs, Ministry of Health of Brazil, Ananindeua 66093-020, Brazil"},{"name":"Center of Biological and Health Sciences, University of the State of Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 66087-670, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Izaura Maria Vieira","family":"Cayres-Vallinoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 66075-110, Brazil"},{"name":"Graduate Program in Biology of Infectious and Parasitic Agents, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 66075-110, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2092-414X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leonardo Oliveira","family":"Reis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UroScience, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-590, Brazil"},{"name":"ImmunOncology, Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas, Campinas 13060-904, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8391-2694","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luiz F\u00e1bio Magno","family":"Falc\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Biological and Health Sciences, University of the State of Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 66087-670, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5134-5648","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eduardo Jos\u00e9 Melo","family":"dos Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Biology of Infectious and Parasitic Agents, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 66075-110, Brazil"},{"name":"Laboratory of Genetics of Complex Diseases, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 66075-110, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1135-6507","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio Carlos Ros\u00e1rio","family":"Vallinoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 66075-110, Brazil"},{"name":"Graduate Program in Biology of Infectious and Parasitic Agents, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 66075-110, Brazil"},{"name":"Graduate Program in Virology, Evandro Chagas Institute, Department of Science, Technology, Innovation and Strategic Health Inputs, Ministry of Health of Brazil, Ananindeua 66093-020, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2014-2770","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Alice Freitas","family":"Queiroz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 66075-110, Brazil"},{"name":"Graduate Program in Biology of Infectious and Parasitic Agents, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 66075-110, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-020-0695-z","article-title":"The Species Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Related Coronavirus: Classifying 2019-nCoV and Naming It SARS-CoV-2","volume":"5","author":"Gorbalenya","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2001017","article-title":"A Novel Coronavirus from Patients with Pneumonia in China","volume":"382","author":"Zhu","year":"2019","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"WHO (2024, May 21). WHO Director-General\u2019s Opening Remarks at the Media Briefing on COVID-19\u201411 March 2020. Available online: https:\/\/www.who.int\/director-general\/speeches\/detail\/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19---11-march-2020."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"WHO (2024, May 21). WHO Global Clinical Platform for the Clinical Characterization of COVID-19: Statistical Analysis Plan. Available online: https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/WHO-2019-nCoV-Clinical-Analytic-plan-2021.1."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1940","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyaa180","article-title":"Epidemiological Characteristics of Patients with Severe COVID-19 Infection in Wuhan, China: Evidence from a Retrospective Observational Study","volume":"49","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Queiroz, M.A.F., Neves, P.F.M.D., Lima, S.S., Lopes, J.D.C., Torres, M.K.D.S., Vallinoto, I.M.V.C., Bichara, C.D.A., Dos Santos, E.F., de Brito, M.T.F.M., and da Silva, A.L.S. (2022). Cytokine Profiles Associated with Acute COVID-19 and Long COVID-19 Syndrome. Front. Cell Infect. Microbiol., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.922422"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e005427","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2021-005427","article-title":"Characterising Long COVID: A Living Systematic Review","volume":"6","author":"Michelen","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Glob. Health"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1507","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2021.05.033","article-title":"Post-COVID-19 Symptoms 6 Months After Acute Infection Among Hospitalized and Non-Hospitalized Patients","volume":"27","author":"Peghin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e048391","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-048391","article-title":"Multiorgan impairment in low-risk individuals with post-COVID-19 syndrome: A prospective, community-based study","volume":"11","author":"Dennis","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciab611","article-title":"Persistent Symptoms in Adult Patients 1 Year After Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Prospective Cohort Study","volume":"74","author":"Waterboer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1934","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.8823","article-title":"Development of a Definition of Postacute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infection","volume":"329","author":"Thaweethai","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.27287.1","article-title":"\u2019The long tail of Covid-19\u2019\u2014The detection of a prolonged inflammatory response after a SARS-CoV-2 infection in asymptomatic and mildly affected patients","volume":"9","author":"Doykov","year":"2020","journal-title":"F1000Research"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12457","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.15771","article-title":"Naturally Activated Adaptive Immunity in COVID-19 Patients","volume":"24","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Cell. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1489","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.05.015","article-title":"Targets of T Cell Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus in Humans with COVID-19 Disease and Unexposed Individuals","volume":"181","author":"Grifoni","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.09.038","article-title":"Antigen-Specific Adaptive Immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in Acute COVID-19 and Associations with Age and Disease Severity","volume":"183","author":"Ramirez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1336","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-020-0782-6","article-title":"Broad and Strong Memory CD4+ and CD8+ T Cells Induced by SARS-CoV-2 in UK Convalescent Individuals Following COVID-19","volume":"21","author":"Peng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108728","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2021.108728","article-title":"Early Induction of Functional SARS-CoV-2-Specific T Cells Associates with Rapid Viral Clearance and Mild Disease in COVID-19 Patients","volume":"34","author":"Tan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1812","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-29513-z","article-title":"Course of Post COVID-19 Disease Symptoms Over Time in the ComPaRe Long COVID Prospective E-Cohort","volume":"13","author":"Tran","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2588-y","article-title":"Longitudinal Analyses Reveal Immunological Misfiring in Severe COVID-19","volume":"584","author":"Lucas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1486","DOI":"10.1038\/s41418-022-00936-x","article-title":"T cell apoptosis characterizes severe Covid-19 disease","volume":"29","author":"Picard","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-020-0148-4","article-title":"Lymphopenia Predicts Disease Severity of COVID-19: A Descriptive and Predictive Study","volume":"5","author":"Tan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1708","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2002032","article-title":"Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China","volume":"382","author":"Guan","year":"2020","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"415","article-title":"Constitutive and Induced Expression of APO-1, a New Member of the Nerve Growth Factor\/Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, in Normal and Neoplastic Cells","volume":"69","author":"Dhein","year":"1993","journal-title":"Lab. Investig."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1038\/373441a0","article-title":"Cell-autonomous Fas (CD95)\/Fas-ligand interaction mediates activation-induced apoptosis in T-cell hybridomas","volume":"373","author":"Brunner","year":"1995","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.181.1.71","article-title":"Fas ligand mediates activation-induced cell death in human T lymphocytes","volume":"181","author":"Alderson","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hamad, A.R., Arcara, K., Uddin, S., and Donner, T. (2012). The Potential of Fas Ligand (Apoptosis-Inducing Molecule) as an Unconventional Therapeutic Target in Type 1 Diabetes. Front. Immunol., 3.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2012.00196"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2020.05.008","article-title":"Caspase-8 and FADD: Where Cell Death and Inflammation Collide","volume":"52","author":"Amaral","year":"2020","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1392","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.21815","article-title":"FasL\/Fas pathway is involved in dengue virus induced apoptosis of the vascular endothelial cells","volume":"82","author":"Liao","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Med. Virol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"da Amoras, E.S., Gomes, S.T., Freitas, F.B., Santana, B.B., Ishak, G., Ferreira de Ara\u00fajo, M.T., Demachki, S., Conde, S.R., de Oliveira Guimar\u00e3es Ishak, M., and Ishak, R. (2016). Intrahepatic mRNA Expression of FAS, FASL, and FOXP3 Genes Is Associated with the Pathophysiology of Chronic HCV Infection. PLoS ONE, 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0156604"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Krzyzowska, M., Kowalczyk, A., Skulska, K., Th\u00f6rn, K., and Eriksson, K. (2021). Fas\/FasL Contributes to HSV-1 Brain Infection and Neuroinflammation. Front. Immunol., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.714821"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Souza, I.P., Amoras, E.D.S.G., Sousa, F.D.M., Sousa, P.V.N.R., Lima, S.S., Cayres-Vallinoto, I.M.V., Ishak, R., Vallinoto, A.C.R., and Queiroz, M.A.F. (2022). Plasma Levels of sFas-sFasL and FASL Gene Expression Are Associated with Tuberculosis. Biomolecules, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom13010080"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1038\/s41418-024-01278-6","article-title":"Identification of FasL as a crucial host factor driving COVID-19 pathology and lethality","volume":"31","author":"Albert","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-5890(97)00081-3","article-title":"Identification and Characterization of Polymorphisms in the Promoter Region of the Human Apo-1\/Fas (CD95) Gene","volume":"34","author":"Huang","year":"1997","journal-title":"Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_34","first-page":"4327","article-title":"Functional FAS Promoter Polymorphisms Are Associated with Increased Risk of Acute Myeloid Leukemia","volume":"63","author":"Sibley","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.170.1.132","article-title":"A Novel Polymorphic CAAT\/Enhancer-Binding Protein Beta Element in the FasL Gene Promoter Alters Fas Ligand Expression: A Candidate Background Gene in African American Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients","volume":"170","author":"Wu","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2011.09.015","article-title":"FAS-670A\/G Single Nucleotide Polymorphism May Be Associated with Human T Lymphotropic Virus-1 Infection and Clinical Evolution to TSP\/HAM","volume":"163","author":"Vallinoto","year":"2012","journal-title":"Virus Res."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vallinoto, A.C.R., Santana, B.B., Queiroz, M.A.F., da Silva, A.N.M.R., Cayres-Vallinoto, I.M.V., da Costa, C.A., de Sousa, M.S., and Ishak, R. (2018). Family Aggregation of HTLV-1 Infection Associated with FAS -670A\/G Polymorphism: A Case Report. Front. Microbiol., 8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.02685"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.24681","article-title":"The FAS-670 AA Genotype Is Associated with High Proviral Load in Peruvian HAM\/TSP Patients","volume":"89","author":"Rosado","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Med. Virol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2015.09.031","article-title":"FAS -670 A\/G Polymorphism May Be Associated with the Depletion of CD4+ T Lymphocytes in HIV-1 Infection","volume":"76","author":"Hermes","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hum. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1148","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.25651","article-title":"IL6 and FAS\/FASL Gene Polymorphisms May Be Associated with Disease Progression in HIV-1-Positive Ethnically Mixed Patients","volume":"92","author":"Queiroz","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Med. Virol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e26490","DOI":"10.5812\/hepatmon.26490","article-title":"FAS and FAS-Ligand Promoter Polymorphisms in Hepatitis B Virus Infection","volume":"15","author":"Mohammadi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hepat. Mon."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1159\/000109751","article-title":"Putative association of Fas and FasL gene polymorphisms with clinical outcomes of hepatitis B virus infection","volume":"50","author":"Jung","year":"2007","journal-title":"Intervirology"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.4103\/ijmr.IJMR_2058_19","article-title":"Fas cell surface death receptor\/Fas ligand genetic variants in gastric cancer patients: A case-control study","volume":"156","author":"Asgari","year":"2022","journal-title":"Indian J. Med. Res."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hashemi, M., Fazaeli, A., Ghavami, S., Eskandari-Nasab, E., Arbabi, F., Mashhadi, M.A., Taheri, M., Chaabane, W., Jain, M.V., and \u0141os, M.J. (2013). Functional Polymorphisms of FAS and FASL Gene and Risk of Breast Cancer\u2014Pilot Study of 134 Cases. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0053075"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e18240","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000018240","article-title":"Correlation between FAS single nucleotide polymorphisms and breast carcinoma susceptibility in Asia","volume":"98","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9445","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-022-07805-3","article-title":"The role of FASL, BCL-2 and BAX polymorphisms in Brazilian patients with prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia","volume":"49","author":"Biolchi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1007\/400_2008_24","article-title":"Many Checkpoints on the Road to Cell Death: Regulation of Fas-FasL Interactions and Fas Signaling in Peripheral Immune Responses","volume":"49","author":"Ramaswamy","year":"2009","journal-title":"Results Probl. Cell Differ."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281613","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/281613","article-title":"Fas\/FasL pathway participates in regulation of antiviral and inflammatory response during mousepox infection of lungs","volume":"2015","author":"Nowak","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mediat. Inflamm."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0407198","article-title":"Fas 670 promoter polymorphism is associated to susceptibility, clinical presentation, and survival in adult T cell leukemia","volume":"83","author":"Farre","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104003","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2019.104003","article-title":"Fas and FasL Promoter Polymorphisms and Susceptibility to HBV Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"76","author":"Mohammadi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Infect. Genet. Evol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2017.05.025","article-title":"Digging More in the Genetic Risk Prediction of Hepatitis C Virus Epidemic in Egypt: Apoptosis Genes Polymorphisms in the Susceptibility of Hepatitis C Virus and Association with Viral Load","volume":"238","author":"Khalifa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Virus Res."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1080\/09674845.2020.1747182","article-title":"Polymorphisms rs763110 in FASL Is Linked to Hepatitis C Virus Infection Among High-Risk Populations","volume":"77","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br. J. Biomed. Sci."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2021.06.002","article-title":"Relationship Between Polymorphisms in the FAS\/FASL Death Receptor System and Progression of Low-Grade Precursor Lesions Infected with High-Risk Human Papilloma Virus","volume":"82","author":"Santaclara","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hum. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2082","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.21926","article-title":"A Fas gene polymorphism influences herpes simplex virus type 2 infection in South African women","volume":"82","author":"Chatterjee","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Med. Virol."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Song, H., Lei, N., Zeng, L., Li, X., Jiang, C., Feng, Q., Su, Y., Liu, J., and Mu, J. (2023). Mendelian Randomization Analysis Identified Tumor Necrosis Factor as Being Associated with Severe COVID-19. Front. Pharmacol., 14.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2023.1171404"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.17034","article-title":"Increased CD95 (Fas) and PD-1 expression in peripheral blood T lymphocytes in COVID-19 patients","volume":"191","author":"Bellesi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br. J. Haematol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Volpe, E., Sambucci, M., Battistini, L., and &Borsellino, G. (2016). Fas-Fas Ligand: Checkpoint of T Cell Functions in Multiple Sclerosis. Front. Immunol., 7.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2016.00382"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5425","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.27060","article-title":"Lymphopenia and lung complications in patients with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19): A retrospective study based on clinical data","volume":"93","author":"Zaboli","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Med. Virol."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5044","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0611608104","article-title":"Antiviral and Immunoregulatory Activities of IFN-\u03b3 Depend on Constitutively Expressed IL-1\u03b1","volume":"104","author":"Hurgin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10548","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01297-15","article-title":"DDX60L Is an Interferon-Stimulated Gene Product Restricting Hepatitis C Virus Replication in Cell Culture","volume":"89","author":"Reustle","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2017.06.005","article-title":"Viral Replication Complexes Are Targeted by LC3-Guided Interferon-Inducible GTPases","volume":"22","author":"Biering","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e33","DOI":"10.4110\/in.2018.18.e33","article-title":"Direct Antiviral Mechanisms of Interferon-Gamma","volume":"18","author":"Kang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Immune Netw."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3864","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.67.8.3864-3871.1999","article-title":"Gamma Interferon Modulates CD95 (Fas) and CD95 Ligand (Fas-L) Expression and Nitric Oxide-Induced Apoptosis During the Acute Phase of Trypanosoma cruzi Infection: A Possible Role in Immune Response Control","volume":"67","author":"Martins","year":"1999","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2196","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200636541","article-title":"IFN-\u03b3 regulates Fas ligand expression in human CD4+ T lymphocytes and controls their anti-mycobacterial cytotoxic functions","volume":"37","author":"Boselli","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2005.07.007","article-title":"A Probable Role for IFN-\u03b3 in the Development of a Lung Immunopathology in SARS","volume":"32","author":"Theron","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2620","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI137244","article-title":"Clinical and immunological features of severe and moderate coronavirus disease 2019","volume":"130","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30183-5","article-title":"Clinical Features of Patients Infected with 2019 Novel Coronavirus in Wuhan, China","volume":"395","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_68","first-page":"54","article-title":"Cytokine profiling in Iranian patients with COVID-19; association with clinical severity","volume":"18","author":"Taghiloo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Iran. J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.13223","article-title":"Immunopathological Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Cases in Guangzhou, China","volume":"160","author":"Tan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Queiroz, M.A.F., Brito, W.R.S., Pereira, K.A.S., Pereira, L.M.S., Amoras, E.S.G., Lima, S.S., Santos, E.F., Costa, F.P., Sarges, K.M.L., and Cantanhede, M.H.D. (2024). Severe COVID-19 and Long COVID Are Associated with High Expression of STING, cGAS, and IFN-\u03b1. Sci. Rep., 14.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-55696-0"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2020.1770129","article-title":"Profiling serum cytokines in COVID-19 patients reveals IL-6 and IL-10 are disease severity predictors","volume":"9","author":"Han","year":"2020","journal-title":"Emerg. Microbes Infect."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e139834","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.139834","article-title":"Longitudinal COVID-19 profiling associates IL-1RA and IL-10 with disease severity and RANTES with mild disease","volume":"5","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1002\/humu.21159","article-title":"Assessing individual interethnic admixture and population substructure using a 48-insertion-deletion (INSEL) ancestry-informative marker (AIM) panel","volume":"31","author":"Santos","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hum. Mutat."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1006\/meth.2001.1262","article-title":"Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2\u2212\u0394\u0394CT Method","volume":"25","author":"Livak","year":"2001","journal-title":"Methods"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/26\/2\/666\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T10:28:46Z","timestamp":1759919326000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/26\/2\/666"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,14]]},"references-count":74,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms26020666"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms26020666","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,14]]}}}