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We investigated the cellular and humoral kinetics in the blood of 50 non-MBL healthy donors (HD) vs. 16 MBLlo subjects after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, who were subclassified according to their history of previous exposure to SARS-CoV-2 into SARS-CoV-2 na\u00efve and previously infected subjects. Overall, we found decreased neutrophil and lymphocyte counts at day +4 following each dose in non-MBL HD, together with an earlier and higher increase in plasma cell (PC) counts and SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody levels after the first vaccine in previously infected non-MBL HD. MBLlo subjects showed a similar profile, except for lower B-cell and higher PC counts after vaccination, and a trend towards a higher (but delayed) antibody response. In summary, we found different cell-kinetic profiles following vaccination in SARS-CoV-2 na\u00efve vs. previously infected non-MBL HD (earlier PC and antibody responses in the latter group); additionally, MBLlo subjects had significantly lower B-cell and higher PC counts after vaccination, and a delayed SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody response.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26020681","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,15]],"date-time":"2025-01-15T05:59:42Z","timestamp":1736920782000},"page":"681","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Early Immune Cell and Antibody Kinetics Following SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Healthy Adults and Low-Count Monoclonal B-Cell Lymphocytosis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9653-9849","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guillermo","family":"Oliva-Ariza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational and Clinical Research Program, Cancer Research Center (IBMCC, Instituto de Biolog\u00eda Molecular y Celular del C\u00e1ncer, CSIC\u2014University of Salamanca), Cytometry Service, NUCLEUS, 37007 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ignacio","family":"Criado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational and Clinical Research Program, Cancer Research Center (IBMCC, Instituto de Biolog\u00eda Molecular y Celular del C\u00e1ncer, CSIC\u2014University of Salamanca), Cytometry Service, NUCLEUS, 37007 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Blanca","family":"Fuentes-Herrero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational and Clinical Research Program, Cancer Research Center (IBMCC, Instituto de Biolog\u00eda Molecular y Celular del C\u00e1ncer, CSIC\u2014University of Salamanca), Cytometry Service, NUCLEUS, 37007 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Carbonell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n de Enfermedades Tropicales de la Universidad de Salamanca (CIETUS), 37007 Salamanca, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Ignacio","family":"S\u00e1nchez-Gallego","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational and Clinical Research Program, Cancer Research Center (IBMCC, Instituto de Biolog\u00eda Molecular y Celular del C\u00e1ncer, CSIC\u2014University of Salamanca), Cytometry Service, NUCLEUS, 37007 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7524-4056","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amparo","family":"L\u00f3pez-Bern\u00fas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n de Enfermedades Tropicales de la Universidad de Salamanca (CIETUS), 37007 Salamanca, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2997-6317","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda Laura","family":"Guti\u00e9rrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational and Clinical Research Program, Cancer Research Center (IBMCC, Instituto de Biolog\u00eda Molecular y Celular del C\u00e1ncer, CSIC\u2014University of Salamanca), Cytometry Service, NUCLEUS, 37007 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Biomedical Research Networking Centre Consortium of Oncology (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6240-7218","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alejandro","family":"Rolo-Ram\u00edrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Bernal-Ribes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational and Clinical 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Salamanca), Cytometry Service, NUCLEUS, 37007 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Biomedical Research Networking Centre Consortium of Oncology (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3650-7087","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacques J. M.","family":"van Dongen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational and Clinical Research Program, Cancer Research Center (IBMCC, Instituto de Biolog\u00eda Molecular y Celular del C\u00e1ncer, CSIC\u2014University of Salamanca), Cytometry Service, NUCLEUS, 37007 Salamanca, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1269-4487","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel","family":"Marcos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3124-8917","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julia","family":"Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational and Clinical Research Program, Cancer Research Center (IBMCC, Instituto de Biolog\u00eda Molecular y Celular del C\u00e1ncer, CSIC\u2014University of Salamanca), Cytometry Service, NUCLEUS, 37007 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Biomedical Research Networking Centre Consortium of Oncology (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0007-7230","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberto","family":"Orfao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational and Clinical Research Program, Cancer Research Center (IBMCC, Instituto de Biolog\u00eda Molecular y Celular del C\u00e1ncer, CSIC\u2014University of Salamanca), Cytometry Service, NUCLEUS, 37007 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Biomedical Research Networking Centre Consortium of Oncology (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30251-8","article-title":"Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: Implications for virus origins and receptor binding","volume":"395","author":"Lu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.1585","article-title":"Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients with 2019 Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan, China","volume":"323","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA J. 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