{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:49:15Z","timestamp":1787028555878,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,16]],"date-time":"2025-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736985600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Technology Innovation Program","award":["20019707"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20019707"]}]},{"name":"Technology Innovation Program","award":["RS-2024-00344154"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2024-00344154"]}]},{"name":"Technology Innovation Program","award":["RS-2023-00260454"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2023-00260454"]}]},{"name":"MOTIE","award":["20019707"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20019707"]}]},{"name":"MOTIE","award":["RS-2024-00344154"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2024-00344154"]}]},{"name":"MOTIE","award":["RS-2023-00260454"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2023-00260454"]}]},{"name":"MSIT of the Korean government","award":["20019707"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20019707"]}]},{"name":"MSIT of the Korean government","award":["RS-2024-00344154"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2024-00344154"]}]},{"name":"MSIT of the Korean government","award":["RS-2023-00260454"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2023-00260454"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The emergence of numerous SARS-CoV-2 variants, characterized by mutations in the viral RNA genome and target proteins, has presented challenges for accurate COVID-19 diagnosis. To address this, we developed universal aptamer probes capable of binding to the spike proteins of SARS-CoV-2 variants, including highly mutated strains like Omicron. These aptamers were identified through protein-based SELEX using spike proteins from three key variants (D614G-substituted Wuhan-Hu-1, Delta, and Omicron) and virus-based SELEX, known as viro-SELEX. Leveraging these universal aptamers, we created a highly sensitive lateral flow assay (LFA) and an ultra-sensitive molecular diagnostic platform that integrates a novel rapid PCR technique, enabling fast and reliable detection across all SARS-CoV-2 variants.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26020745","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,16]],"date-time":"2025-01-16T12:27:54Z","timestamp":1737030474000},"page":"745","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Ultra-Sensitive Aptamer-Based Diagnostic Systems for Rapid Detection of All SARS-CoV-2 Variants"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-6126-534X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sang Won","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, POSTECH Biotech Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang-si 37673, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min Jung","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, POSTECH Biotech Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang-si 37673, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3344-9464","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md Shafiqur","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, POSTECH Biotech Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang-si 37673, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heesun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Integrative Bioscience & Biotechnology, POSTECH Biotech Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang-si 37673, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jung Eun","family":"Noh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, POSTECH Biotech Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang-si 37673, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6217-4415","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Myoung Kyu","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Therapeutic Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2851-5298","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meehyein","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Therapeutic Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie-Oh","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, POSTECH Biotech Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang-si 37673, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6620-8881","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sung Key","family":"Jang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, POSTECH Biotech Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang-si 37673, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Division of Integrative Bioscience & Biotechnology, POSTECH Biotech Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang-si 37673, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30260-9","article-title":"Nowcasting and forecasting the potential domestic and international spread of the 2019-nCoV outbreak originating in Wuhan, China: A modelling study","volume":"395","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"(2024, September 19). 2024. 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