{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T03:38:54Z","timestamp":1790912334497,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,18]],"date-time":"2025-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737158400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and E-selectin are involved in different inflammatory diseases and may be potential cardiovascular risk biomarkers in psoriasis. They play an important role in regulating the recruitment and adhesion to endothelial cells during inflammation, affecting various conditions like vasculitis, atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular diseases. Positive outcomes have been observed when using Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF-\u03b1) inhibitors and biological therapies that target selectins to control the functioning of endothelial cells and reduce inflammation in psoriasis and related conditions. Moreover, the effects of systemic treatments and ultraviolet B (UVB) phototherapy on VCAM-1 and E-selectin levels in psoriasis patients highlights the potential to impact the severity of psoriasis and activation of endothelial cells. In addition, various factors such as age, sex, metabolic syndrome, hyperglycemia, migraines, and tobacco smoking have been found to affect levels of VCAM-1 and E-selectin. This sheds light on understanding the complex relationship between endothelial activation and the development of diseases. Studies show the potential of using the levels of VCAM-1 and E-selectin as indicators of systemic treatment effectiveness and the progression of the disease. In summary, this review highlights the importance of VCAM-1 and E-selectin as potential biomarkers for assessing inflammation, disease severity and cardiovascular risk in individuals with psoriasis. The shared mechanisms of psoriasis and atherosclerosis, along with the effect of treatments on endothelial activation markers, provide significant insights for further research and approaches to manage inflammatory diseases in the future.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26020792","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,21]],"date-time":"2025-01-21T06:53:32Z","timestamp":1737442412000},"page":"792","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule 1 and E-Selectin as Potential Cardiovascular Risk Biomarkers in Psoriasis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2104-4646","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalia Joanna","family":"Macho\u0144","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalia","family":"Zdanowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Clinical Immunology, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury, Al. Wojska Polskiego 30, 10-229 Olsztyn, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paulina","family":"Klimek-Trojan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Clinical Immunology, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury, Al. Wojska Polskiego 30, 10-229 Olsztyn, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8372-0438","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Owczarczyk-Saczonek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Clinical Immunology, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury, Al. Wojska Polskiego 30, 10-229 Olsztyn, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-024-08991-7","article-title":"The Immunology of Psoriasis\u2014Current Concepts in Pathogenesis","volume":"66","author":"Sieminska","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin. Rev. Allergy Immunol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117487","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2023.117487","article-title":"ICAM-1 and VCAM-1: Gatekeepers in various inflammatory and cardiovascular disorders","volume":"548","author":"Singh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. Chim. 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