{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T19:16:37Z","timestamp":1791918997337,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":101,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,20]],"date-time":"2025-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737331200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Algerian Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research (Minist\u00e8re Alg\u00e9rien de l\u2019Enseignement Sup\u00e9rieur et de la Recherche Scientifique, MESRS)","award":["B00L01UN250120230006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B00L01UN250120230006"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study presents an efficient and environmentally sustainable synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles using a starch-mediated sol-gel approach. This method yields crystalline mesoporous ZnO NPs with a hexagonal wurtzite structure. The synthesized nanoparticles demonstrated remarkable multifunctionality across three critical applications. In photocatalysis, the ZnO NPs exhibited exceptional efficiency, achieving complete degradation of methylene blue within 15 min at pH 11, significantly surpassing the performance of commercial ZnO. Under neutral pH conditions, the nanoparticles effectively degraded various organic dyes, including methylene blue, rhodamine B, and methyl orange, following pseudo-first-order kinetics. The methylene blue degradation process was aligned with the Langmuir\u2013Hinshelwood model, emphasizing their advanced catalytic properties. For supercapacitor applications, the ZnO NPs attained a high specific capacitance of 550 F\/g at 1 A\/g, underscoring their potential as energy storage solutions. Additionally, the nanoparticles demonstrated strong UV-induced antiradical activity, with an EC50 of 32.2 \u03bcg\/mL in DPPH assays. Notably, the cytotoxicity evaluation revealed an LC50 of 1648 \u03bcg\/mL, indicating excellent biocompatibility. This study highlights a sustainable approach for the synthesis of multifunctional ZnO NPs that offers effective solutions for environmental remediation, energy storage, and biomedical applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26020859","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,21]],"date-time":"2025-01-21T06:53:32Z","timestamp":1737442412000},"page":"859","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Starch-Assisted Eco-Friendly Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles: Enhanced Photocatalytic, Supercapacitive, and UV-Driven Antioxidant Properties with Low Cytotoxic Effects"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Roumaissa","family":"Djafarou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire des Techniques Innovantes de Pr\u00e9servation de l\u2019Environnement, Universit\u00e9 de Constantine 1, Constantine 25000, Algeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ouarda","family":"Brahmia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire des Techniques Innovantes de Pr\u00e9servation de l\u2019Environnement, Universit\u00e9 de Constantine 1, Constantine 25000, Algeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soumia","family":"Haya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement de Physique, Universit\u00e9 de Constantine 1, Constantine 25000, Algeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ertugrul","family":"Sahmetlioglu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Sciences of Engineering, Kayseri University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatma","family":"K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 Dokan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Chemical Processing Technologies, Mustafa \u00c7\u0131kr\u0131kc\u0131oglu Vocational School, Kayseri University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tarek","family":"Hidouri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematical, Physical and Computer Sciences, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mousa, S.A., Wissa, D.A., Hassan, H.H., Ebnalwaled, A.A., and Khairy, S.A. 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