{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T21:02:29Z","timestamp":1792184549135,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":120,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,24]],"date-time":"2025-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737676800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Hubei Province Public Health Leading Talent Program","award":["011043372"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["011043372"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Liver health is integral to overall human well-being and the pathogenesis of various diseases. In recent years, kynurenine and its derivatives have gradually been recognized for their involvement in various pathophysiological processes, especially in the regulation of liver diseases, such as acute liver injury, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, cirrhosis, and liver cancer. Kynurenine and its derivatives are derived from tryptophan, which is broken down by the enzymes indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO), converting the essential amino acid tryptophan into kynurenine (KYN) and other downstream metabolites, such as kynurenic acid (KYNA), 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-HK), xanthurenic acid (XA), and quinolinic acid (QA). In liver diseases, kynurenine and its derivatives can promote the activity of the transcription factor aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), suppress T cell activity for immune modulation, inhibit the activation of inflammatory signaling pathways, such as NF-\u03baB for anti-inflammatory effects, and inhibit the activation of hepatic stellate cells to slow down fibrosis progression. Additionally, kynurenine and other downstream metabolites can influence the progression of liver diseases by modulating the gut microbiota. Therefore, in this review, we summarize and explore the mechanisms by which kynurenine and its derivatives regulate liver diseases to help develop new diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers and effective therapies targeting the kynurenine pathway for liver disease treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26030968","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,24]],"date-time":"2025-01-24T03:26:31Z","timestamp":1737689191000},"page":"968","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Role of Kynurenine and Its Derivatives in Liver Diseases: Recent Advances and Future Clinical Perspectives"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Qiwen","family":"Tan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shenghe","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Liver Transplantation, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lijuan","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China"},{"name":"Department of Nosocomial Infection Management, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-020-00580-w","article-title":"Immunopathobiology and Therapeutic Targets Related to Cytokines in Liver Diseases","volume":"18","author":"He","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Mol. 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