{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T06:44:43Z","timestamp":1769064283906,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,27]],"date-time":"2025-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737936000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Second Century Fund","award":["C2F"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C2F"]}]},{"name":"Second Century Fund","award":["RSP2025R400"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RSP2025R400"]}]},{"name":"Chulalongkorn University, Thailand and Researchers Supporting Project","award":["C2F"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C2F"]}]},{"name":"Chulalongkorn University, Thailand and Researchers Supporting Project","award":["RSP2025R400"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RSP2025R400"]}]},{"name":"King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","award":["C2F"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C2F"]}]},{"name":"King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","award":["RSP2025R400"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RSP2025R400"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Benzoxazine-based polymer (PBZ) acts as a catalyst for converting CO2 into cyclic carbonates. PBZ-ODA was successfully synthesized and examined for its catalytic efficiency, proving to be effective under milder conditions with higher yields at room temperature without solvents. Various terminal monoepoxides showed good to excellent conversion rates, while epoxides with aromatic or bulky groups and second oxirane rings also were able to produce corresponding cyclic carbonates. Recyclability tests demonstrated that regenerated PBZ-ODA retained 93% of its catalytic activity. Overall, there was a low catalyst deactivation, as investigated by chemical experiments, SEM-EDX, TGA, FT-IR, XPS, XRD and NMR. The catalyst is reusable and suitable for use in flow or batch reactors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26031111","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,27]],"date-time":"2025-01-27T11:38:49Z","timestamp":1737977929000},"page":"1111","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Catalytic Performance of Oxydianiline-Derived Polybenzoxazine in the Cycloaddition of CO2 with Epoxides for Selective and Cleaner Production of Cyclic Carbonates"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3690-3100","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafik Rajjak","family":"Shaikh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Excellence on Catalysis and Catalytic Reaction Engineering (CECC), Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Yazdanpanah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Excellence on Catalysis and Catalytic Reaction Engineering (CECC), Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Isak Rajjak","family":"Shaikh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7070, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7599-8464","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rais Ahmad","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8334-2449","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Supareak","family":"Praserthdam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"High-Performance Computing Unit (CECC-HCU), Center of Excellence on Catalysis and Catalytic Reaction Engineering (CECC), Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Piyasan","family":"Praserthdam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Excellence on Catalysis and Catalytic Reaction Engineering (CECC), Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cattod.2020.06.020","article-title":"Recent progress on layered double hydroxide (LDH) derived metal-based catalysts for CO2 conversion to valuable chemicals","volume":"356","author":"Dewangan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Catal. 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