{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T21:04:34Z","timestamp":1792789474086,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":154,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,28]],"date-time":"2025-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738022400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Young Doctor Fund of Gansu Province","award":["2023QB-123"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023QB-123"]}]},{"name":"Young Doctor Fund of Gansu Province","award":["20JR10RA563"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20JR10RA563"]}]},{"name":"Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation","award":["2023QB-123"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023QB-123"]}]},{"name":"Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation","award":["20JR10RA563"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20JR10RA563"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Infertility is a widespread clinical problem that affects human reproduction and species persistence worldwide. Around 40\u201370% of cases are due to male reproductive defects. Functional spermatogenesis (sperm production through several coordinated events) is at the heart of male fertility. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are the primary regulators of gene expression, controlling extensive critical cellular processes, for example proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and reproduction. Due to advancements in high-throughput sequencing tools, many studies have revealed that ncRNAs are widely expressed in germ cells, meiosis, spermatogenesis, sperm fertility, early post-fertilization development, and male infertility. The present review examines the biology and function of ncRNAs, including microRNAs, circular RNAs, and long ncRNAs, in spermatogenesis, their correlation with infertility, and their potential as biomarkers for sperm quality and fertility. The function of ncRNA in Sertoli cells (SCs) and Leydig cells (LCs) is also outlined throughout this study, because spermatogenesis requires testicular somatic cells to be involved in testicular development and male fertility. Meanwhile, the future development of ncRNAs for the clinical treatment of male infertility is also anticipated and discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26031128","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,28]],"date-time":"2025-01-28T06:47:29Z","timestamp":1738046849000},"page":"1128","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Exploring the Characters of Non-Coding RNAs in Spermatogenesis and Male Infertility"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0984-3138","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qiu","family":"Yan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou 730070, China"},{"name":"Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou 730070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0066-693X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou 730070, China"},{"name":"Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou 730070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10952","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.102497","article-title":"Global, regional, and national prevalence and disability-adjusted life-years for infertility in 195 countries and territories, 1990\u20132017: Results from a global burden of disease study, 2017","volume":"11","author":"Sun","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aging"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2309","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dem115","article-title":"The relationship between perceived stigma, disclosure patterns, support and distress in new attendees at an infertility clinic","volume":"22","author":"Slade","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hum. 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