{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T00:07:21Z","timestamp":1788826041431,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,28]],"date-time":"2025-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738022400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Atherothrombosis, the primary driver of acute cardiovascular (CV) events, is characterized by the activation of three key pathophysiological pathways: platelets, coagulation, and inflammation. Dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) is the current standard of care for patients with acute coronary syndrome, providing significant reductions in cardiovascular (CV) events, albeit with an associated increased risk of bleeding. However, the high residual risk of recurrent events among these patients highlights the need for alternative strategies to treat and prevent atherothrombosis. To this extent, several approaches aimed at targeting atherothrombosis have been proposed. Among these, a strategy of dual-pathway inhibition simultaneously targeting platelets, using single or DAPT, and coagulation, using a low-dose anticoagulant such as rivaroxaban 2.5 mg twice daily, has shown to reduce CV events but at the expense of increased bleeding. Targeting inflammatory pathways has the potential to be a highly effective strategy to tackle atherothrombosis without increasing bleeding risk. Several anti-inflammatory agents have been tested in patients with coronary artery disease, but to date only colchicine is approved for secondary prevention on top of standard care, including antiplatelet therapy. However, many aspects of colchicine\u2019s mechanism of action, including its antiplatelet effects and how it synergizes with antiplatelet therapy, remain unclear. In this review, we summarize the available clinical and pre-clinical evidence on the antiplatelet effects of colchicine and its synergistic interactions with antiplatelet therapy, highlighting their potential role in addressing atherothrombosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26031136","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,28]],"date-time":"2025-01-28T06:47:29Z","timestamp":1738046849000},"page":"1136","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Combining Colchicine and Antiplatelet Therapy to Tackle Atherothrombosis: A Paradigm in Transition?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2591-6010","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Salvatore","family":"Giordano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Division of Cardiology, \u2018Magna Graecia\u2019 University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7814-7067","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marina","family":"Camera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Brambilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-2571-2377","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gianmarco","family":"Sarto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6443-4121","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luigi","family":"Spadafora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9269-8829","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Bernardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Iaconelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Domenico","family":"D\u2019Amario","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Universit\u00e0 del Piemonte Orientale, AOU Maggiore della Carit\u00e0, 28100 Novara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6103-8510","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Biondi-Zoccai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy"},{"name":"Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, 48033 Cotignola, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1050-0589","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandra Ida","family":"Celia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology, Department of Clinical Internal, Anestesiological e Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Tremoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, 48033 Cotignola, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2703-3761","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giacomo","family":"Frati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy"},{"name":"IRCCS NeuroMed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominick J.","family":"Angiolillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL 32209, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebastiano","family":"Sciarretta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy"},{"name":"IRCCS NeuroMed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3909-182X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mattia","family":"Galli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy"},{"name":"Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, 48033 Cotignola, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2024, November 05). 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