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University of Korea","award":["RS-202400399351"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-202400399351"]}]},{"name":"Uijeongbu St. Mary\u2019s Hospital of The Catholic University of Korea","award":["RS-2024-00439915"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2024-00439915"]}]},{"name":"Uijeongbu St. Mary\u2019s Hospital of The Catholic University of Korea","award":["KoNES-2022-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KoNES-2022-01"]}]},{"name":"Uijeongbu St. Mary\u2019s Hospital of The Catholic University of Korea","award":["UJBCRL202310"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UJBCRL202310"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The gut\u2013brain axis represents an important bidirectional communication network, with the vagus nerve acting as a central conduit for peripheral signals from the various gut organs to the central nervous system. Among the molecular mediators involved, serotonin (5-HT), synthesized predominantly by enterochromaffin cells in the gut, plays a pivotal role. Gut-derived serotonin activates vagal afferent fibers, transmitting signals to the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) and modulating serotonergic neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) as well as the norepinephrinergic neurons in the locus coeruleus (LC). This interaction influences emotional regulation, stress responses, and immune modulation. Emerging evidence also highlights the role of microbial metabolites, particularly short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), in enhancing serotonin synthesis and vagal activity, thereby shaping gut\u2013brain communication. This review synthesizes the current knowledge on serotonin signaling, vagal nerve pathways, and central autonomic regulation, with an emphasis on their implications for neuropsychiatric and gastrointestinal disorders. By elucidating these pathways, novel therapeutic strategies targeting the gut\u2013brain axis may be developed to improve mental and physical health outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26031160","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,29]],"date-time":"2025-01-29T04:36:18Z","timestamp":1738125378000},"page":"1160","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":141,"title":["Interaction of the Vagus Nerve and Serotonin in the Gut\u2013Brain Axis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-4055-8337","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Young Keun","family":"Hwang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jae Sang","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Uijeongbu St. Mary\u2019s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-021-00677-w","article-title":"Role of the gut\u2013brain axis in energy and glucose metabolism","volume":"54","author":"Wachsmuth","year":"2022","journal-title":"Exp. 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