{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T14:42:29Z","timestamp":1773412949236,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":145,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,30]],"date-time":"2025-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738195200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"Ministry of Education","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS-2023-00251396"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2023-00251396"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"Ministry of Education","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021R1A6A1A03038996"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021R1A6A1A03038996"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Depositions of protein aggregates are typical pathological hallmarks of various neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). For example, amyloid-beta (A\u03b2) and tau aggregates are present in the brain and plasma of patients with Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD); \u03b1-synuclein in Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and multiple system atrophy (MSA); mutant huntingtin protein (Htt) in Huntington\u2019s disease (HD); and DNA-binding protein 43 kD (TDP-43) in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), and limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy (LATE). The same misfolded proteins can be present in multiple diseases in the form of mixed proteinopathies. Since there is no cure for all these diseases, understanding the mechanisms of protein aggregation becomes imperative in modern medicine, especially for developing diagnostics and therapeutics. A Multimer Detection System (MDS) was designed to distinguish and quantify the multimeric\/oligomeric forms from the monomeric form of aggregated proteins. As the unique epitope of the monomer is already occupied by capturing or detecting antibodies, the aggregated proteins with multiple epitopes would be accessible to both capturing and detecting antibodies simultaneously, and signals will be generated from the oligomers rather than the monomers. Hence, MDS could present a simple solution for measuring various conformations of aggregated proteins with high sensitivity and specificity, which may help to explore diagnostic and treatment strategies for developing anti-aggregation therapeutics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26031199","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,30]],"date-time":"2025-01-30T05:40:46Z","timestamp":1738215646000},"page":"1199","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Multimer Detection System: A Universal Assay System for Differentiating Protein Oligomers from Monomers"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5669-8386","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angelo Moscoso","family":"Jamerlan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon Medical Research Institute, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13120, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5402-337X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyu Hwan","family":"Shim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon Medical Research Institute, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13120, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6720-257X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Niti","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon Medical Research Institute, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13120, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8123-6183","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seong Soo A.","family":"An","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon Medical Research Institute, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13120, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Claire, L. 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