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The complexation reactions were studied in acetonitrile, methanol, and ethanol, whereby the solvent effect on cation-binding processes was particularly addressed. The complex stability constants and standard reaction thermodynamic quantities (Gibbs energies, enthalpies, and entropies) were determined. The receptor exhibited particularly high affinity towards alkaline earth metal cations in acetonitrile, with peak affinity for Ca2+. The stability of all complexes was significantly lower in ethanol and methanol, where the most stable complex was formed with Sr2+. The decrease in cation-binding abilities was a consequence of the differences in solvation of the reactants and products of the complexation reactions (involving inclusion of the solvent molecule in the calixarene cone), cation charge density, as well as the cation\u2013ligand binding site compatibility. The reactions were enthalpically controlled in acetonitrile, whereas in methanol and ethanol, the binding processes were endothermic and thus entropy driven. The results of 1H NMR measurements, MD simulations, and DFT calculations provided an insight into the structure of the complexes and the corresponding adducts with solvent molecules, as well as the structural aspects behind the differences in complexation thermodynamics. Due to the significant increase in its fluorescence upon cation binding, the studied calixarene derivative was proven to be a promising luminescent sensor for alkaline earth metal cations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26031264","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,3]],"date-time":"2025-02-03T04:36:51Z","timestamp":1738557411000},"page":"1264","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["A Combined Thermodynamic and Computational Study of Alkaline Earth Metal Cations Complexation by a Fluorescent Calix[4]arene Receptor"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1995-8705","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Usenik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-2608-6860","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matija","family":"Modru\u0161an","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0853-5053","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katarina","family":"Leko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-2931-0381","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jakov","family":"Borovec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sven","family":"Marinac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0731-1293","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucija","family":"Hok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ru\u0111er Bo\u0161kovi\u0107 Institute, Bijeni\u010dka 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikola","family":"Cindro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1779-4524","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert","family":"Vianello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ru\u0111er Bo\u0161kovi\u0107 Institute, Bijeni\u010dka 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8726-8573","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gordan","family":"Horvat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josip","family":"Po\u017ear","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4570-0524","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomica","family":"Hrenar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vladislav","family":"Tomi\u0161i\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"B\u00f6hmer, V., Harrowfield, J., and Vicens, J. 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