{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T00:49:59Z","timestamp":1760057399102,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,6]],"date-time":"2025-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738800000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32101372","20242BAB25201","12022825","12023498","2024CXPT1002","2022YSBG21009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32101372","20242BAB25201","12022825","12023498","2024CXPT1002","2022YSBG21009"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004479","name":"Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32101372","20242BAB25201","12022825","12023498","2024CXPT1002","2022YSBG21009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32101372","20242BAB25201","12022825","12023498","2024CXPT1002","2022YSBG21009"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004479","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Jiangxi Normal University","award":["32101372","20242BAB25201","12022825","12023498","2024CXPT1002","2022YSBG21009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32101372","20242BAB25201","12022825","12023498","2024CXPT1002","2022YSBG21009"]}]},{"name":"Innovation Platform for Hardware Facilities Construction of Jiangxi Academy of Sciences","award":["32101372","20242BAB25201","12022825","12023498","2024CXPT1002","2022YSBG21009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32101372","20242BAB25201","12022825","12023498","2024CXPT1002","2022YSBG21009"]}]},{"name":"Key Research and Development Program of Jiangxi Academy of Sciences","award":["32101372","20242BAB25201","12022825","12023498","2024CXPT1002","2022YSBG21009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32101372","20242BAB25201","12022825","12023498","2024CXPT1002","2022YSBG21009"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the most prevalent chronic liver illness, is characterized by hepatic steatosis. Exercise and probiotics can regulate the gut microbiota to treat NAFLD; however, their combined effects and the mechanisms of gut-liver communication remain unclear. Inconsistent results on probiotic efficacy further warrant investigation. In this study, zebrafish fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for six weeks were subjected to swimming exercise (HFDE), probiotic intervention (HFDP), or a combination of both (HFDEP) for 10 weeks to explore their effects on NAFLD and the corresponding mechanism. The results showed that NAFLD alleviation followed the order HFDEP &gt; HFDE &gt; HFDP. HFDEP and HFDE treatments effectively reduced Body Mass Index (BMI), relative liver weight, liver vacuolation density, lipid droplets in liver sections, triglyceride, free fatty acid, glucose, and pyruvic acid. In contrast, a single probiotic treatment had limited impact, suggesting a complementary role in NAFLD treatment. Glucose and fatty acid metabolism were central to the \u201cgut\u2013liver\u201d axis. The reduced conversion of glucose to pyruvic acid, decreased fatty acid synthesis and esterification, and accelerated fatty acid transformation to CO2 contributed to NAFLD improvement under HFDE and HFDEP treatments. This study provides promising theoretical groundwork for potential prevention and treatment strategies for NAFLD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26031360","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,6]],"date-time":"2025-02-06T04:47:31Z","timestamp":1738817251000},"page":"1360","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Understanding the Role of Exercise and Probiotic Interventions on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Alleviation in Zebrafish: Dialogue Between the Gut and Liver"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Xueyan","family":"Gu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical Education College, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liyan","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical Education College, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Long","family":"Gan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Energy Research Institute, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330012, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zehui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Water Resources & Environmental Engineering, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shibiao","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical Education College, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhenliang","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical Education College, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of Microbiology, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330012, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zaijun","family":"Xin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of Microbiology, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330012, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shaohang","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical Education College, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xinyou","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical Education College, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hualong","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical Education College, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qiyu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of Microbiology, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330012, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1080\/03602532.2017.1293683","article-title":"Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)-pathogenesis, classification, and effect on drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters","volume":"49","author":"Cobbina","year":"2017","journal-title":"Drug Metab. 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