{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T18:37:14Z","timestamp":1780598234866,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,7]],"date-time":"2025-02-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738886400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Innowacyjne materia\u0142y polimerowe i kompozytowe\u2014maski kosmetyczne do stymulowania bia\u0142ek fibrylarnych","award":["PK 2023\/24"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PK 2023\/24"]}]},{"name":"Innowacyjne materia\u0142y polimerowe i kompozytowe\u2014maski kosmetyczne do stymulowania bia\u0142ek fibrylarnych","award":["START 022.2024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["START 022.2024"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001870","name":"Foundation for Polish Science (Warsaw, Poland)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PK 2023\/24"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PK 2023\/24"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001870","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001870","name":"Foundation for Polish Science (Warsaw, Poland)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["START 022.2024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["START 022.2024"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001870","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Skin represents the largest organ in the human body, functioning as a protective barrier against environmental factors while playing a critical role in thermoregulation. Acne vulgaris is recognized as the most common dermatological condition affecting adolescents, and if left untreated, it can result in lasting skin damage and associated psychosocial challenges. This study aims to develop innovative polymeric biomaterials that could effectively support the treatment of acne vulgaris. The synthesis of these biomaterials involves the use of polyethylene glycol 6000, sodium alginate, and the antioxidant protein glutathione (GHS) to create polymeric hydrogels. These hydrogels were generated via a UV-mediated crosslinking process. To enhance the functional properties of the hydrogels, zinc oxide microparticles (ZnO), synthesized through a wet precipitation method, were incorporated into the formulations. Characterization of the ZnO was performed using Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), particle sizer analysis, and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Additionally, the bioactivity of the synthesized materials was evaluated through incubation in media simulating physiological body fluids. The cytotoxic effects of the biomaterials were assessed using an indirect test on mouse fibroblast (L929) cells, in accordance with ISO 10993-5 guidelines. The results of our research indicate that the developed biomaterials exhibit potential as a carrier for active substances, contributing positively to the treatment of acne vulgaris and potentially improving overall skin health.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26041395","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,7]],"date-time":"2025-02-07T04:00:28Z","timestamp":1738900828000},"page":"1395","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Development of Glutathione Hydrogel Carriers Containing Zinc Oxide Microparticles for Skin Regeneration Processes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Dominika","family":"Tr\u00e4ger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Materials Engineering and Physics, Cracow University of Technology, 37 Jana Paw\u0142a II Av., 31-864 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katarzyna","family":"M\u0142yniec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Materials Engineering and Physics, Cracow University of Technology, 37 Jana Paw\u0142a II Av., 31-864 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7553-5796","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Hara\u017ana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Materials Engineering and Physics, Cracow University of Technology, 37 Jana Paw\u0142a II Av., 31-864 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8570-3594","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dagmara","family":"S\u0142ota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Materials Engineering and Physics, Cracow University of Technology, 37 Jana Paw\u0142a II Av., 31-864 Krakow, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Materials Engineering and Physics, CUT Doctoral School, Cracow University of Technology, 37 Jana Paw\u0142a II Av., 31-864 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7970-3478","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karina","family":"Nizio\u0142ek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Materials Engineering and Physics, Cracow University of Technology, 37 Jana Paw\u0142a II Av., 31-864 Krakow, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Materials Engineering and Physics, CUT Doctoral School, Cracow University of Technology, 37 Jana Paw\u0142a II Av., 31-864 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2003-9052","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Josef","family":"Jampilek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Ilkovicova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia"},{"name":"Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacky University Olomouc, Slechtitelu 27, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0005-6146","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Sobczak-Kupiec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Materials Engineering and Physics, Cracow University of Technology, 37 Jana Paw\u0142a II Av., 31-864 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cushing, C.A., Im, H.Y., Adams, R.B., Ward, N., Albohn, D.N., Steiner, T.G., and Kveraga, K. 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