{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T06:52:41Z","timestamp":1787727161708,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,10]],"date-time":"2025-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739145600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PE), which is often unilateral in 60% of cases, is a risk for exfoliation glaucoma (EXG) with elevated inflammatory cytokines. This study aimed to clarify the dynamics of these cytokines in unilateral PE (u-PE) patients. This study included 20 eyes from 10 u-PE patients (PE+ eyes and fellow PE\u2212 eyes) and 20 eyes from 10 cataract patients without PE (control group). Clinical parameters, including age, visual acuity, and intraocular pressure, were assessed. Anterior chamber aqueous humor cytokine levels (IL-8, SAA, ET-1, VEGF) were measured and compared among groups. SAA was elevated in PE+ eyes compared to PE\u2212 and control eyes. IL-8 and ET-1 were elevated in both PE+ and PE\u2212 eyes compared to controls. IL-8 was associated with worsening visual acuity, while ET-1 correlated inversely. Our findings suggest that SAA is associated with the manifest disease while IL-8 and ET-1 could be early biomarkers for PE and therapeutic targets to prevent glaucomatous damage, as these markers appear in the aqueous humor even before pseudoexfoliation material becomes clinically evident. These results may enable earlier diagnosis and therapeutic intervention before the clinical onset of PE in patients with risk factors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26041461","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,10]],"date-time":"2025-02-10T05:53:22Z","timestamp":1739166802000},"page":"1461","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Aqueous Humor Cytokine Profiling Reveals Distinct Roles for Serum Amyloid A, Interleukin-8, and Endothelin-1 in Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome and Glaucoma"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4508-4231","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoichi","family":"Kadoh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo 693-8501, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuji","family":"Takayanagi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo 693-8501, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazunobu","family":"Sugihara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo 693-8501, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3324-6678","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sachiko","family":"Kaidzu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo 693-8501, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasuyuki","family":"Takai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo 693-8501, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6512-7203","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masaki","family":"Tanito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo 693-8501, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2017-311258","article-title":"Prevalence and causes of vision loss in high-income countries and in Eastern and Central Europe in 2015: Magnitude, temporal trends and projections","volume":"102","author":"Bourne","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br. 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