{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:49:15Z","timestamp":1787028555813,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,10]],"date-time":"2025-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739145600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82260707"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82260707"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82360714"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82360714"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["202401AT070449"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202401AT070449"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["H-2019009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["H-2019009"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["202407AB110021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202407AB110021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects","award":["82260707"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82260707"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects","award":["82360714"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82360714"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects","award":["202401AT070449"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202401AT070449"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects","award":["H-2019009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["H-2019009"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects","award":["202407AB110021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202407AB110021"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan Health Training Project of High Level Talents","award":["82260707"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82260707"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan Health Training Project of High Level Talents","award":["82360714"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82360714"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan Health Training Project of High Level Talents","award":["202401AT070449"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202401AT070449"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan Health Training Project of High Level Talents","award":["H-2019009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["H-2019009"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan Health Training Project of High Level Talents","award":["202407AB110021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202407AB110021"]}]},{"name":"Central Guidance Fund for Local Science and Technology Development","award":["82260707"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82260707"]}]},{"name":"Central Guidance Fund for Local Science and Technology Development","award":["82360714"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82360714"]}]},{"name":"Central Guidance Fund for Local Science and Technology Development","award":["202401AT070449"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202401AT070449"]}]},{"name":"Central Guidance Fund for Local Science and Technology Development","award":["H-2019009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["H-2019009"]}]},{"name":"Central Guidance Fund for Local Science and Technology Development","award":["202407AB110021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202407AB110021"]}]},{"name":"Projects 202201BF070001-012 and 202201BC070004 from \u201cDouble tops\u201d Program from Yunnan Province and Yunnan University","award":["82260707"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82260707"]}]},{"name":"Projects 202201BF070001-012 and 202201BC070004 from \u201cDouble tops\u201d Program from Yunnan Province and Yunnan University","award":["82360714"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82360714"]}]},{"name":"Projects 202201BF070001-012 and 202201BC070004 from \u201cDouble tops\u201d Program from Yunnan Province and Yunnan University","award":["202401AT070449"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202401AT070449"]}]},{"name":"Projects 202201BF070001-012 and 202201BC070004 from \u201cDouble tops\u201d Program from Yunnan Province and Yunnan University","award":["H-2019009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["H-2019009"]}]},{"name":"Projects 202201BF070001-012 and 202201BC070004 from \u201cDouble tops\u201d Program from Yunnan Province and Yunnan University","award":["202407AB110021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202407AB110021"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Obesity and its related diseases severely threaten people\u2019s health, causing persistently high morbidity and mortality worldwide. The abnormal proliferation and hypertrophy of adipocytes mediate the expansion of adipose tissue, which is the main cause of obesity-related diseases. Inhibition of cell proliferation during the mitotic clonal expansion (MCE) period of adipogenesis may be a promising strategy for preventing and treating obesity. Arthrocolins are a series of fluorescent dye-like complex xanthenes from engineered Escherichia coli, with potential anti-tumor and antifungal activities. However, the role and underlying mechanisms of these compounds in adipocyte differentiation remain unclear. In this study, we discovered that arthrocolin B, a member of the arthrocolin family, significantly impeded adipogenesis by preventing the accumulation of lipid droplets and triglycerides, as well as by downregulating the expression of key factors involved in adipogenesis, such as SREBP1, C\/EBP\u03b2, C\/EBP\u03b4, C\/EBP\u03b1, PPAR\u03b3, and FABP4. Moreover, we revealed that this inhibition might be a consequence of cell cycle arrest during the MCE of adipocyte differentiation, most likely by modulating the p53, AKT, and ERK pathways, upregulating the expression of p21 and p27, and repressing the expression of CDK1, CDK4, Cyclin A2, Cyclin D1, and p-Rb. Additionally, arthrocolin B could promote the expression of CPT1A during adipocyte differentiation, implying its potential role in fatty acid oxidation. Overall, our research concludes that arthrocolin B has the ability to suppress the early stages of adipocyte differentiation mainly by modulating the signaling proteins involved in cell cycle progression. This work broadens our understanding of the function and mechanisms of arthrocolins in regulation of adipogenesis and might provide a potential lead compound for treating the obesity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26041474","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,11]],"date-time":"2025-02-11T05:34:32Z","timestamp":1739252072000},"page":"1474","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Arthrocolin B Impairs Adipogenesis via Delaying Cell Cycle Progression During the Mitotic Clonal Expansion Period"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7009-4039","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guang","family":"Cao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuemei","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuang","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengwen","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhengyuan","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Healthy Birth and Birth Defect Prevention in Western China, Yunnan Population and Family Planning Research Institute, Kunming 650021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinglan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanze","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zihao","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoru","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziyin","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuemei","family":"Niu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xu","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13811","DOI":"10.1111\/eci.13811","article-title":"\u2018Obesities\u2019: Position statement on a complex disease entity with multifaceted drivers","volume":"52","author":"Perdomo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1614362","article-title":"Health Effects of Overweight and Obesity in 195 Countries over 25 Years","volume":"377","author":"Afshin","year":"2017","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6177","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-023-08525-y","article-title":"Obesity and cancer: Focus on leptin","volume":"50","author":"Ayed","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsr1606602","article-title":"Body Fatness and Cancer\u2014Viewpoint of the IARC Working Group","volume":"375","author":"Scoccianti","year":"2016","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.121.318093","article-title":"Obesity, Adipose Tissue and Vascular Dysfunction","volume":"128","author":"Koenen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8649","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1705287114","article-title":"Mapping of human brown adipose tissue in lean and obese young men","volume":"114","author":"Leitner","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rabad\u00e1n-Ch\u00e1vez, G., D\u00edaz de la Garza, R.I., and Jacobo-Vel\u00e1zquez, D.A. (2023). White adipose tissue: Distribution, molecular insights of impaired expandability, and its implication in fatty liver disease. Biochim. Et Biophys. Acta (BBA)-Mol. Basis Dis., 1869.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2023.166853"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-018-0097-6","article-title":"The role of adipose tissue in cardiovascular health and disease","volume":"16","author":"Oikonomou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102336","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2024.102336","article-title":"White adipose tissue in metabolic associated fatty liver disease","volume":"48","author":"Zhu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin. Res. Hepatol. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175002","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2022.175002","article-title":"Sampsonione F suppresses adipogenesis via activating p53 pathway during the mitotic clonal expansion progression of adipocyte differentiation","volume":"925","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ma, Z., Chen, Y., Qiu, J., Guo, R., Cai, K., Zheng, Y., Zhang, Y., Li, X., Zan, L., and Li, A. (2023). CircBTBD7 inhibits adipogenesis via the miR-183\/SMAD4 axis. Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 253.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.126740"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36093","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M405346200","article-title":"Regulated Production of a Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor-\u03b3 Ligand during an Early Phase of Adipocyte Differentiation in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes","volume":"279","author":"Tzameli","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, Y.K., Chung, Y.S., Lee, J.H., Chun, J.M., and Park, J.H. (2020). The Intricate Role of p53 in Adipocyte Differentiation and Function. Cells, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9122621"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-022-04169-6","article-title":"Regulatory mechanisms of the early phase of white adipocyte differentiation: An overview","volume":"79","author":"Audano","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1080\/10409230591008189","article-title":"Adipose Development: From Stem Cell to Adipocyte","volume":"40","author":"Otto","year":"2008","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Biochem. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"1","article-title":"Cell-cycle Checkpoints and Aneuploidy on the Path to Cancer","volume":"32","author":"Wenzel","year":"2018","journal-title":"In Vivo"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612003400948","article-title":"Cell cycle molecular targets in novel anticancer drug discovery","volume":"6","author":"Buolamwini","year":"2000","journal-title":"Curr. Pharm. Des."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"946","DOI":"10.1038\/s41418-022-00988-z","article-title":"Cell cycle regulation: p53-p21-RB signaling","volume":"29","author":"Engeland","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2007.05336.x","article-title":"Mechanism of insulin-like growth factor I-mediated proliferation of adult neural progenitor cells: Role of Akt","volume":"25","author":"Kalluri","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2011.55","article-title":"Inhibition of angiogenic and non-angiogenic targets by sorafenib in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in a RCC xenograft model","volume":"104","author":"Yuen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45302","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.9605","article-title":"EGR1 mediates miR-203a suppress the hepatocellular carcinoma cells progression by targeting HOXD3 through EGFR signaling pathway","volume":"7","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175942","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2023.175942","article-title":"Alisol B blocks the development of HFD-induced obesity by triggering the LKB1-AMPK signaling in subcutaneous adipose tissue","volume":"956","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gopal, S.S., Eligar, S.M., Vallikannan, B., and Ponesakki, G. (2021). Inhibitory efficacy of lutein on adipogenesis is associated with blockage of early phase regulators of adipocyte differentiation. Biochim. Et Biophys. Acta (BBA)-Mol. Cell Biol. Lipids, 1866.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2020.158812"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1007\/s13659-020-00240-6","article-title":"Eriocalyxin B Inhibits Adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes by Cell Cycle Arrest","volume":"10","author":"Mu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Bioprospect."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10075","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.6b00057","article-title":"Organic Photoredox Catalysis","volume":"116","author":"Romero","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2013.10.059","article-title":"Multiple Muscular Ventricular Septal Defects: Use of Fluorescein Dye to Identify Residual Defects","volume":"97","author":"Mathew","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann. Thorac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6499","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.orglett.9b02371","article-title":"Unexpected Biosynthesis of Fluorescein-Like Arthrocolins against Resistant Strains in an Engineered Escherichia coli","volume":"21","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Org. Lett."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1186\/s12934-024-02494-y","article-title":"Harnessing in vivo synthesis of bioactive multiarylmethanes in Escherichia coli via oxygen-mediated free radical reaction induced by simple phenols","volume":"23","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Microb. Cell Factories"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu, Z., Wu, Q.F., Yuan, W.L., Chen, Y.H., Hu, D., Deng, D.A.-O., Zhang, L.L., and Niu, X.A.-O. (2023). Arthrocolins Synergizing with Fluconazole Inhibit Fluconazole-Resistant Candida albicans by Increasing Riboflavin Metabolism and Causing Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Autophagy. Microbiol. Spectr., 11.","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.04051-22"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ruze, R., Liu, T., Zou, X., Song, J., Chen, Y., Xu, R., Yin, X., and Xu, Q. (2023). Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Connections in epidemiology, pathogenesis, and treatments. Front. Endocrinol., 14.","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1161521"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1007\/s13679-021-00453-x","article-title":"Sex\/Gender Differences in Obesity Prevalence, Comorbidities, and Treatment","volume":"10","author":"Cooper","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Obes. Rep."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.17856","article-title":"Pharmacologic management of obesity: Updates on approved medications, indications and risks","volume":"59","author":"Dilmaghani","year":"2024","journal-title":"Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-021-00337-8","article-title":"Anti-obesity drug discovery: Advances and challenges","volume":"21","author":"Mueller","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1477","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.120.316101","article-title":"Obesity Phenotypes, Diabetes, and Cardiovascular Diseases","volume":"126","author":"Tchernof","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112390","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2023.112390","article-title":"Estradiol cycling drives female obesogenic adipocyte hyperplasia","volume":"42","author":"Taylor","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.2147\/DMSO.S281186","article-title":"Adipogenesis as a Potential Anti-Obesity Target: A Review of Pharmacological Treatment and Natural Products","volume":"14","author":"Jakab","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab. Syndr. Obes. Targets Ther. Vol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3075","DOI":"10.2147\/DMSO.S253097","article-title":"Liraglutide and Insulin Have Contrary Effects on Adipogenesis of Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells via Wnt Pathway","volume":"13","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab. Syndr. Obes. Targets Ther. Vol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2637418","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/2637418","article-title":"Drugs Involved in Dyslipidemia and Obesity Treatment: Focus on Adipose Tissue","volume":"2018","author":"Dias","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sajb.2021.07.026","article-title":"Natural products in the management of obesity: Fundamental mechanisms and pharmacotherapy","volume":"143","author":"Chan","year":"2021","journal-title":"S. Afr. J. Bot."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3122S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/130.12.3122S","article-title":"Adipocyte differentiation and gene expression","volume":"130","author":"Ntambi","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm2066","article-title":"Adipocyte differentiation from the inside out","volume":"7","author":"Rosen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chang, E., and Kim, C.Y. (2019). Natural Products and Obesity: A Focus on the Regulation of Mitotic Clonal Expansion during Adipogenesis. Molecules, 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24061157"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1002\/biof.115","article-title":"Phytochemicals and adipogenesis","volume":"36","author":"Andersen","year":"2010","journal-title":"BioFactors"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3298","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.6779","article-title":"Triptolide enhances lipolysis of adipocytes by enhancing ATGL transcription via upregulation of p53","volume":"34","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Phytother. Res."},{"key":"ref_45","first-page":"635","article-title":"Transcriptional Regulation of Adipogenesis","volume":"7","author":"Richard","year":"2017","journal-title":"Compr. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2023.08.011","article-title":"Metabolic control by AMPK in white adipose tissue","volume":"34","author":"Kopietz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.4391","article-title":"Lanthanum nitrate inhibits adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes with a disorder of mitotic clonal expansion process","volume":"43","author":"Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Appl. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201901569R","article-title":"Ezetimibe ameliorates lipid accumulation during adipogenesis by regulating the AMPK\u2013mTORC1 pathway","volume":"34","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155551","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155551","article-title":"Inhibition of the RPS6KA1\/FoxO1 signaling axis by hydroxycitric acid attenuates HFD-induced obesity through MCE suppression","volume":"128","author":"Lee","year":"2024","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Choi, Y.R., Na, H.-J., Lee, J., Kim, Y.-S., and Kim, M.J. (2024). Isoeugenol Inhibits Adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes with Impaired Mitotic Clonal Expansion. Nutrients, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16091262"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, X., Liu, M., Cai, G.H., Chen, Y., Shi, X.C., Zhang, C.C., Xia, B., Xie, B.C., Liu, H., and Zhang, R.X. (2020). A Potential Nutraceutical Candidate Lactucin Inhibits Adipogenesis through Downregulation of JAK2\/STAT3 Signaling Pathway-Mediated Mitotic Clonal Expansion. Cells, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9020331"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chang, Y.-H., Tsai, J.-N., Chang, S.-W., Hsu, W.-T., Yang, C.-P., Hsiao, C.-W., and Shiau, M.-Y. (2020). Regulation of Adipogenesis and Lipid Deposits by Collapsin Response Mediator Protein 2. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21062172"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-019-1459-7","article-title":"CD90 serves as differential modulator of subcutaneous and visceral adipose-derived stem cells by regulating AKT activation that influences adipose tissue and metabolic homeostasis","volume":"10","author":"Pan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res. Ther."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1002\/stem.1549","article-title":"A Novel Negative Regulator of Adipogenesis: MicroRNA-363","volume":"32","author":"Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"bqz046","DOI":"10.1210\/endocr\/bqz046","article-title":"CPT1A-mediated Fat Oxidation, Mechanisms, and Therapeutic Potential","volume":"161","author":"Schlaepfer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Su, Y., Deng, C., Liu, X., and Lian, J. (2023). Epigenetic Histone Methylation of PPAR\u03b3 and CPT1A Signaling Contributes to Betahistine Preventing Olanzapine-Induced Dyslipidemia. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24119143"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/26\/4\/1474\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T16:30:43Z","timestamp":1760027443000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/26\/4\/1474"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,10]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms26041474"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms26041474","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,10]]}}}