{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T06:26:54Z","timestamp":1789540014019,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":115,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,13]],"date-time":"2025-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739404800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Science and Technology Council, Taiwan","award":["NSTC 113-2314-B-002-217"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSTC 113-2314-B-002-217"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a significant public health concern. Osteoarthritis (OA), a common form of arthritis, has been shown to have a dramatically increased prevalence, particularly among individuals aged 40\u201350 and older, in the presence of CKD. Furthermore, CKD may exacerbate the progression and impact of OA. A survey study revealed that 53.9% of CKD patients undergoing long-term hemodialysis were diagnosed with OA. These findings underscore the potential association between CKD and OA. Uremic toxins, such as indoxyl sulfate, p-cresyl sulfate, transforming growth factor-\u03b2, and advanced glycation end-products, are regarded as potential risk factors in various CKD-related conditions, affecting bone and joint metabolism. However, whether these factors serve as a bridging mechanism between CKD and OA comorbidities, as well as their detailed roles in this context, remains unclear. Addressing the progression of OA in CKD patients and identifying effective treatment and prevention strategies is an urgent challenge that warrants immediate attention. This review focuses on describing and discussing the molecular pathological mechanisms underlying CKD-associated OA and the possible therapeutic strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26041567","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,13]],"date-time":"2025-02-13T04:03:35Z","timestamp":1739419415000},"page":"1567","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Chronic Kidney Disease and Osteoarthritis: Current Understanding and Future Research Directions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0553-4779","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rong-Sen","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, College of Medicine and Hospital, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ding-Cheng","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, College of Medicine and Hospital, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yao-Pang","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9976-1197","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shing-Hwa","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 406, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine and Hospital, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"United States Renal Data System (2024). 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