{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T23:38:29Z","timestamp":1791934709827,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,13]],"date-time":"2025-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739404800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Korea Ministry of Environment (MOE)","award":["2021003370002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021003370002"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The extract of Paspalum thunbergii, a native perennial herb in Korea belonging to the rice family, was investigated for its anti-inflammatory activity and the underlying mechanisms driving its effects. Fifteen chemical components of the P. thunbergii extract, including rosmarinic acid and isoquercitrin, were identified using LC-MS. The extract showed antioxidative activity through DPPH and ABTS cation radical scavenging activity. The P. thunbergii extract significantly inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. The extract inhibited the expression of lipopolysaccharide-induced iNOS and COX-2, which are inflammation-related enzymes. To explore the underlying anti-inflammatory mechanism, the expression levels of signal proteins related to MAPK, NF-\u03baB, JAK\/STAT, and Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin signaling were measured. As a result, the P. thunbergii extract inhibited the expression of p-p38, and p-JNK increased by LPS in RAW 264.7 cells. Additionally, it decreased the expression of LPS-induced p-IKK\u03b2 and p-NF-\u03baB p65 and prevented the migration of p-NF-\u03baB into the nucleus caused by LPS. Notably, p-JAK1, p-STAT3, Wnt 3\u03b1, \u03b2-catenin, and p-GSK-3\u03b2 protein expressions were also inhibited. Therefore, the prominent anti-inflammatory activity of the P. thunbergii extract may be via the MAPK, NF-\u03baB, JAK\/STAT, Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin signal pathway.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26041611","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,13]],"date-time":"2025-02-13T12:06:32Z","timestamp":1739448392000},"page":"1611","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammatory Response and Its Prominent Suppression by Paspalum thunbergii Extract"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Bin","family":"Ha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Science, College of Medical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Asan-si 31538, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-0404-1626","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ji-Hye","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Medical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Asan-si 31538, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Do Hyun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research and Development, Eshel Biopharm Co., Ltd., Asan-si 31538, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3511-9522","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mi-Young","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Science, College of Medical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Asan-si 31538, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Medical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Asan-si 31538, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Research and Development, Eshel Biopharm Co., Ltd., Asan-si 31538, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07201","article-title":"Origin and physiological roles of inflammation","volume":"454","author":"Medzhitov","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1230720","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory therapy in chronic disease: Challenges and opportunities","volume":"339","author":"Tabas","year":"2013","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gonfa, Y.H., Tessema, F.B., Bachheti, A., Rai, N., Tadesse, M.G., Singab, A.N., Chaubey, K.K., and Bachheti, R.K. 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