{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T16:29:29Z","timestamp":1790958569225,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":109,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,14]],"date-time":"2025-02-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739491200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Medical Research Agency (Poland)","award":["2021\/ABM\/05\/00002-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021\/ABM\/05\/00002-00"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Throughout the last 5 years, extensive research has been carried out towards the development of effective treatments for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Regardless of the worldwide efforts, only a few drugs have passed clinical trials, and there is still a need to develop therapies, especially for those who are particularly vulnerable to a severe disease course. Maleimide-functionalized liposomes are proposed to serve as a platform for the immobilization, stabilization, and delivery of a short peptide sequence with high affinity towards severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, extensive optimizations should be performed in order to achieve features required for a reliable drug candidate, such as homogeneity of physical parameters and their long-term stability. Here, we present a step-by-step development process for maleimide-functionalized liposomes, which\u2014once decorated with the SARS-CoV-2-binding peptide\u2014could inhibit the infection progress of COVID-19. The main emphasis is placed on defining optimal lipid composition and formation conditions of PEGylated liposomes. We propose that the developed nanocarrier technology can be used as a universal platform for the construction of multiple antiviral agents.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26041629","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,14]],"date-time":"2025-02-14T04:48:51Z","timestamp":1739508531000},"page":"1629","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Development of Stable, Maleimide-Functionalized Peptidoliposomes Against SARS-CoV-2"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6757-3837","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olga","family":"Michel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cytobiochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroc\u0142aw, F. Joliot Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1656-9686","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Kaczorowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cytobiochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroc\u0142aw, F. Joliot Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroc\u0142aw University of Science and Technology, Wybrze\u017ce S. Wyspia\u0144skiego 27, 50-370 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucyna","family":"Matusewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cytobiochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroc\u0142aw, F. Joliot Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kliwia","family":"Pi\u00f3rkowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Silesian Park of Medical Technology Kardio-Med Silesia, M. Curie-Sk\u0142odowskiej 10C, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1698-5257","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marlena","family":"Golec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Silesian Park of Medical Technology Kardio-Med Silesia, M. Curie-Sk\u0142odowskiej 10C, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wiktoria","family":"Fus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Silesian Park of Medical Technology Kardio-Med Silesia, M. Curie-Sk\u0142odowskiej 10C, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6812-1421","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kazimierz","family":"Kuliczkowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Silesian Park of Medical Technology Kardio-Med Silesia, M. Curie-Sk\u0142odowskiej 10C, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3779-8266","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksander F.","family":"Sikorski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Acellmed Ltd., M. Curie-Sk\u0142odowskiej 10C, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland"},{"name":"Research and Development Center, Regional Specialist Hospital, Kamienskiego 73a, 51-154 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3035-059X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksander","family":"Czogalla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cytobiochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroc\u0142aw, F. Joliot Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2024, August 14). COVID-19 Deaths|WHO COVID-19 Dashboard. Available online: https:\/\/data.who.int\/dashboards\/covid19\/deaths."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Matusewicz, L., Golec, M., Czogalla, A., Kuliczkowski, K., Konka, A., Zembala-John, J., and Sikorski, A.F. 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