{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T14:46:14Z","timestamp":1785249974021,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":161,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,14]],"date-time":"2025-02-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739491200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a relatively rare and severe developmental disease. Even with the most recent multidisciplinary therapies, the risk for neonatal mortality and morbidity remains high. Recent advancements in prenatal treatments, alongside experimental and clinical data, suggest that fetoscopic endoluminal tracheal occlusion (FETO) promotes lung development and offers a promising strategy against lung hypoplasia and pulmonary hypertension. It is the only existing direct mechanical therapy that intervenes in the regulation of pulmonary pressure. Its influence on lung development also interferes with tissue homeostasis and cell differentiation; it also enhances inflammation and apoptosis. Its physiopathology on cellular and molecular levels is still poorly understood. Unfortunately, the procedure also carries significant pregnancy-, maternal-, and fetus-related risks. Assessing a multifaceted intervention requires a collective view of all aspects. This scoping review uncovers potential materno-fetal procedure-related risks and highlights innovative solutions. Future research on lung development therapies in CDH may focus on the \u201cdual hit\u201d mechanism, combining molecular-targeting drugs and regenerative medicine with the mechanical nature of FETO for synergistic effects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26041639","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,14]],"date-time":"2025-02-14T11:14:41Z","timestamp":1739531681000},"page":"1639","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Fetoscopic Endoluminal Tracheal Occlusion-Synergic Therapies in the Prenatal Treatment of Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Zsolt","family":"Bara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery and Orthopedics, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania"},{"name":"Clinic of Pediatric Surgery and Orthopedics, Targu Mures, County Emergency Clinical Hospital, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania"},{"name":"Doctoral School of Medicine and Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Horea","family":"Gozar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery and Orthopedics, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania"},{"name":"Clinic of Pediatric Surgery and Orthopedics, Targu Mures, County Emergency Clinical Hospital, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6223-5214","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"N\u00e1ndor","family":"Nagy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology Semmelweis University, T\u0171zolt\u00f3 Street 58, H-1094 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3968-5118","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simona","family":"Gurzu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania"},{"name":"Romanian Academy of Medical Sciences, 030173 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zolt\u00e1n","family":"Derzsi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery and Orthopedics, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania"},{"name":"Clinic of Pediatric Surgery and Orthopedics, Targu Mures, County Emergency Clinical Hospital, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5137-1819","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Timea","family":"Forr\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctoral School of Medicine and Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evelyn","family":"Kov\u00e1cs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Pediatric Surgery and Orthopedics, Targu Mures, County Emergency Clinical Hospital, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ioan","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania"},{"name":"Romanian Academy of Medical Sciences, 030173 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.23206","article-title":"Medical Interventions to Reverse Pulmonary Hypoplasia in the Animal Model of Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia: A Systematic Review","volume":"50","author":"Eastwood","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatr. 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