{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T18:22:57Z","timestamp":1787163777773,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,16]],"date-time":"2025-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739664000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Xingdian Talent Plan of Yunnan Province","award":["2022-0255"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022-0255"]}]},{"name":"Xingdian Talent Plan of Yunnan Province","award":["202302AN360002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202302AN360002"]}]},{"name":"Xingdian Talent Plan of Yunnan Province","award":["202401AT070217"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202401AT070217"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan Province-City Integration Project","award":["2022-0255"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022-0255"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan Province-City Integration Project","award":["202302AN360002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202302AN360002"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan Province-City Integration Project","award":["202401AT070217"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202401AT070217"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects","award":["2022-0255"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022-0255"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects","award":["202302AN360002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202302AN360002"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects","award":["202401AT070217"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202401AT070217"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease, but the existing therapeutic drugs for PD have limitations; thus, there is an urgent need to discover new methods of prevention and treatment. Amomum tsaoko Crevost et Lemarie (AT) is a classic traditional Chinese medicine and food. Its main pharmacological effect is the regulation of the gastrointestinal tract. To date, no studies on the use of AT or its extracts to treat PD have been reported. In this study, a rotenone-induced PD mouse model was utilized to evaluate the protective effect of Amomum\u00a0tsaoko flavonoids (ATFs) and to elucidate the role of the gut microbiota in this effect. The results demonstrated that ATFs not only ameliorated the motor and constipation symptoms but also reduced the loss of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons. Furthermore, ATFs reduced the expression of inflammation-related genes (TNF-\u03b1, IL-1\u03b2, IL-6, COX-2, and MCP-1) and increased the expression of gut barrier-related genes (Muc-2, ZO-1, Occludin, Claudin3, and Claudin4) in the colon. Notably, ATFs were able to reverse rotenone-induced gut dysbiosis, including a significant decrease in the abundance of conditionally pathogenic bacteria (Desulfovibrio, Provotellaceae\u00a0UCG-001, the Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group, norank_f_Erysipelotrichacea, and the Eubacterium nodatum group) and an increase in the abundance of probiotics (Bifidobacterium and Faecalibaculum). Interestingly, these genera were found to be significantly associated with PD motor symptoms and constipation indicators. This suggests that ATFs have the potential to alleviate PD symptoms through the modulation of gut microbes. These findings provide a solid foundation for further investigations into the anti-PD mechanism of ATFs and their potential in the prevention and treatment of PD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26041676","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,17]],"date-time":"2025-02-17T03:41:47Z","timestamp":1739763707000},"page":"1676","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Correlations Between Amelioration of Rotenone-Induced Parkinson\u2019s Symptoms by Amomum tsaoko Flavonoids and Gut Microbiota in Mice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Li","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Personalized Food Manufacturing, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China"},{"name":"College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China"},{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Development and Utilization of Food and Drug Homologous Resources, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weixing","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lixiang","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaohan","family":"Mo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Sheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Personalized Food Manufacturing, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Personalized Food Manufacturing, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-1468-8184","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaoyu","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Personalized Food Manufacturing, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China"},{"name":"College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China"},{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Development and Utilization of Food and Drug Homologous Resources, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1675","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.13916","article-title":"New hope for Parkinson\u2019s disease treatment: Targeting gut microbiota","volume":"28","author":"Fan","year":"2022","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci. 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