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In the present study, the apparent morphology and spatial conformation of BPS-2 were analyzed further, and several functional properties were investigated. The results demonstrated that BPS-2 was a polymeric straight-chain polysaccharide with good thermal stability, exhibiting non-Newtonian properties and good antioxidant and anticancer activities. Notably, this study systematically investigated the impact of BPS-2 on the intestinal microbiota composition in patients diagnosed with ulcerative colitis. Through in vitro fermentation of fecal bacteria collected from six volunteers, it was found that BPS-2 exerted a positive influence on the intestinal flora of ulcerative colitis patients, augmenting the secretion of short-chain fatty acids and facilitating an increase in the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium spp. These results suggest that BPS-2 has the potential to be a food additive for suppressing ulcerative colitis and for other medically related applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26041692","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,17]],"date-time":"2025-02-17T03:41:47Z","timestamp":1739763707000},"page":"1692","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["In Vitro Assessment of Bacillus thuringiensis Exopolysaccharides and Their Effects on Gut Microbiota from Ulcerative Colitis In Vitro"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4878-8522","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zexin","family":"Gao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Medical Biotechnology, School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Medical Biotechnology, School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chuanchao","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4953-4946","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenping","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Medical Biotechnology, School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xianyi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Medical Biotechnology, School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yaohang","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Medical Biotechnology, School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yaping","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Medical Biotechnology, School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hongmei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Medical Biotechnology, School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China"},{"name":"School of Basic Medicine Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550031, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1707","DOI":"10.2478\/s11756-020-00465-3","article-title":"Identification of an endophytic fungus pilidiella guizhouensis isolated from Eupatorium chinense L. and its extracellular polysaccharide","volume":"75","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biologia"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.1080\/09593330903552094","article-title":"Exopolysaccharides from extremophiles: From fundamentals to biotechnology","volume":"31","author":"Nicolaus","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ. 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