{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T02:30:42Z","timestamp":1780453842920,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,18]],"date-time":"2025-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739836800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n, Instituto de Salud Carlos III and the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER)","award":["PI18\/0109"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI18\/0109"]}]},{"name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n, Instituto de Salud Carlos III and the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER)","award":["SGR-2021\/00659"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SGR-2021\/00659"]}]},{"name":"Generalitat de Catalunya","award":["PI18\/0109"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI18\/0109"]}]},{"name":"Generalitat de Catalunya","award":["SGR-2021\/00659"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SGR-2021\/00659"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>It is unknown whether there are differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in the circulating exosomes of appropriate- vs. small-for-gestational-age (AGA vs. SGA) infants, and if so, whether such DEPs relate to measures of endocrine\u2013metabolic health and body composition in childhood. Proteomic analysis in cord-blood-derived exosomes was performed by label-free quantitative mass spectrometry in AGA (n = 20) and SGA infants (n = 20) and 91 DEPs were identified. Enrichment analysis revealed that they were related to complement and coagulation cascades, lipid metabolism, neural development, PI3K\/Akt and RAS\/RAF\/MAPK signaling pathways, phagocytosis and focal adhesion. Protein\u2013protein interaction (PPI) analysis identified 39 DEPs involved in the pathways enriched by the KEGG and Reactome. Those DEPs were associated with measures of adiposity and insulin resistance and with liver fat at age 7 (all p &lt; 0.01). Multivariate linear regression analysis uncovered that two DEPs (up-regulated in SGA), namely PCYOX1 (related to adipogenesis) and HSP90AA1 (related to lipid metabolism and metabolic-dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease progression), were independent predictors of the hepatic fat fraction at age 7 (\u03b2 = 0.634; p = 0.002; R2 = 52% and \u03b2 = 0.436; p = 0.009; R2 = 24%, respectively). These data suggest that DEPs at birth may predict insulin resistance, adrenarche and\/or ectopic adiposity in SGA children at age 7, when an early insulin-sensitizing intervention could be considered.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26041721","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,18]],"date-time":"2025-02-18T03:47:06Z","timestamp":1739850426000},"page":"1721","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The Proteome of Exosomes at Birth Predicts Insulin Resistance, Adrenarche and Liver Fat in Childhood"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Marta","family":"D\u00edaz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology Department, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de D\u00e9u, University of Barcelona, 08950 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metab\u00f3licas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tania","family":"Quesada-L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedicine, Institut de Recerca Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Network Biomedical Research Center of Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Health Institute Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesc","family":"Villarroya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Network Biomedical Research Center of Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Health Institute Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine Department, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de D\u00e9u, Esplugues, 08950 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paula","family":"Casano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology Department, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de D\u00e9u, University of Barcelona, 08950 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metab\u00f3licas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abel","family":"L\u00f3pez-Bermejo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Endocrinology Research Group, Girona Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBGI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Girona and Dr. Josep Trueta Hospital, 17007 Girona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francis","family":"de Zegher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leuven Research & Development, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4595-7191","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lourdes","family":"Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology Department, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de D\u00e9u, University of Barcelona, 08950 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metab\u00f3licas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaau6977","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aau6977","article-title":"The biology, function, and biomedical applications of exosomes","volume":"367","author":"Kalluri","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1186\/s12964-022-00853-z","article-title":"The implications of exosomes in pregnancy: Emerging as new diagnostic markers and therapeutics targets","volume":"20","author":"Ghafourian","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Commun. 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