{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T20:32:26Z","timestamp":1783110746387,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,20]],"date-time":"2025-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740009600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In order to establish the reliability of new multiplex tests for determining allergen-specific immunoglobulin E (asIgE) levels in serum, the results of asIgE determinations obtained via ALEX tests were compared to those obtained via ImmunoCAP ISAC in a group of 40 Polish children hospitalized due to food allergy and\/or anaphylaxis. The analysis was based on 6320 determinations of asIgEs relative to 79 common allergen molecules included in both tests (80 tests conducted\u201440 ALEX and 40 ISAC). The study showed a high correlation of results between the compared diagnostic tests, with the concordance of asIgE determinations at the level of 92.5% (n = 2922). The results of this study showed the sensitivity of the ALEX test to be comparable with that of the ImmunoCAP ISAC test. One indisputable advantage of the ALEX test is its high number of determinations per procedure, which provides more information about the patient\u2019s molecular profile; moreover, the use of an inhibitor of the asIgEs that bind to cross-reactive carbohydrate determinants (CCDs) reduces their impact on the results for allergens naturally containing carbohydrate determinants. Comparative analyses of asIgE test results obtained with ALEX and ImmunoCAP ISAC tests demonstrate that the ALEX test is a reliable diagnostic tool for asIgE assessments. However, significant differences in the absolute values of asIgEs relative to individual molecules suggest the need for caution when directly comparing asIgE levels from both tests.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26051810","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,20]],"date-time":"2025-02-20T11:03:37Z","timestamp":1740049417000},"page":"1810","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["A Comparison of asIgE Levels Measured with ALEX and ImmunoCAP ISAC in Polish Children with Food Allergies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3638-9292","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emilia","family":"Majsiak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Promotion, Faculty Health of Sciences, Medical University of Lublin, Staszica 4\/6, 20-081 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3412-6176","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Magdalena","family":"Choina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Allergology and Immunology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-090 Bialystok, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Allergology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, M. Sk\u0142odowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Bia\u0142ystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-3129-5851","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karolina","family":"Mi\u015bkiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Allergy and Pulmonology, Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Regional Branch in Rabka-Zdr\u00f3j, prof. Jana Rudnika 3B, 34-700 Rabka-Zdr\u00f3j, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-2134-8676","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Solomiya","family":"Pukalyak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Polish\u2013Ukrainian Foundation of Medicine Development, Na\u0142\u0119czowska 14, 20-701 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6736-2696","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sylwia","family":"Smoli\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Parkowa 34, 51-616 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0845-7438","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryszard","family":"Kurzawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Allergy and Pulmonology, Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Regional Branch in Rabka-Zdr\u00f3j, prof. Jana Rudnika 3B, 34-700 Rabka-Zdr\u00f3j, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.13001","article-title":"\u201cMolecular extracts\u201d for allergy diagnostics and therapy","volume":"30","author":"Matricardi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pediatr. Allergy Immunol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2019.02.025","article-title":"Evaluation of a new multiplex assay for allergy diagnosis","volume":"493","author":"Buzzulini","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3028","DOI":"10.1111\/all.15329","article-title":"Real-life evaluation of molecular multiplex IgE test methods in the diagnosis of pollen associated food allergy","volume":"77","author":"Diem","year":"2022","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1159\/000509776","article-title":"A Retrospective Clinical Audit of the ImmunoCAP ISAC 112 for Multiplex Allergen Testing","volume":"182","author":"Erskine","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mart\u00ednez-Aranguren, R., Lizaso, M.T., Goikoetxea, M.J., Garc\u00eda, B.E., Cabrera-Freitag, P., Trellez, O., and Sanz, M.L. (2014). Is the determination of specific IgE against components using ISAC 112 a reproducible technique?. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0088394"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1007\/s40629-015-0087-8","article-title":"Molecular allergy diagnostics using multiplex assays: Methodological and practical considerations for use in research and clinical routine: Part 21 of the Series Molecular Allergology","volume":"24","author":"Jakob","year":"2015","journal-title":"Allergo J. Int."},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"(2024, December 28). ALEX Allegy Xplorer. Available online: https:\/\/www.macroarraydx.com\/products\/alex."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Knyziak-Medrzycka, I., Majsiak, E., and Cukrowska, B. (2023). Allergic March in Children: The Significance of Precision Allergy Molecular Diagnosis (PAMD@) in Predicting Atopy Development and Planning Allergen-Specific Immunotherapy. Nutrients, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15040978"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5481","DOI":"10.3390\/cimb45070347","article-title":"Selected Technical Aspects of Molecular Allergy Diagnostics","volume":"45","author":"Lis","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr. Issues Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_10","unstructured":"Palhinha, A., Lobato, M., Carrapatoso, I., Romeira, A.M., Prates, S., Matos, V., and Leiria-Pinto, P. (2020, January 6\u20138). Comparison of Two Different Molecular Allergy Diagnostic Tools\u2014ISAC vs ALEX. Proceedings of the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Congress (EAACI Digital Congress 2020), London, UK."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Koch, L. (2018, January 26\u201330). Comparison of molecular singleplex and multiplex analysis in the diagnosis of house dust mite allergy. Proceedings of the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Congress (EAACI Congress), Munich, Germany.","DOI":"10.26226\/morressier.5acdc65cd462b8029238dbb9"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Klug, C., Forstenlechner, P., Lemell, P., and Zieglmayer, R. (2018, January 26\u201330). Evaluation of PR-10 allergen sensitization profiles in two different multiplex test systems. Proceedings of the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Congress (EAACI Congress), Munich, Germany.","DOI":"10.26226\/morressier.5acdc65cd462b8029238dbb6"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1186\/s13601-019-0270-y","article-title":"Comparison of two multiplex arrays in the diagnostics of allergy","volume":"9","author":"Bojcukova","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Transl. Allergy"},{"key":"ref_14","unstructured":"Majsiak, E., Choina, M., Miskiewicz, K., and Kurzawa, R. (2019, January 1\u20135). The first comparison of two multiparameter methods to measure specific immunoglobulin E among the Polish group of patients. Proceedings of the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Lisbon, Portugal."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/s40413-018-0186-3","article-title":"Extended IgE profile based on an allergen macroarray: A novel tool for precision medicine in allergy diagnosis","volume":"11","author":"Heffler","year":"2018","journal-title":"World Allergy Organ. J."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3204","DOI":"10.1111\/all.15834","article-title":"A comparison of double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenge and open food challenge","volume":"78","author":"Jessen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1007\/5584_2018_266","article-title":"Inhibition of Cross-Reactive Carbohydrate Determinants in Allergy Diagnostics","volume":"1116","author":"Grzywnowicz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref_18","unstructured":"Hoffmann-Sommergruber, K., de las Vecillas, L., Dramburg, S., Hilger, C., Matricardi, P., and Santos, A.F. (2022). Molecular Allergology User\u2019s Guide 2.0, Willey."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sinson, E., Ocampo, C., Liao, C., Nguyen, S., Dinh, L., Rodems, K., Whitters, E., and Hamilton, R.G. (2020). Cross-reactive carbohydrate determinant interference in cellulose-based IgE allergy tests utilizing recombinant allergen components. PLoS ONE, 15.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0231344"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100080","DOI":"10.1016\/j.waojou.2019.100080","article-title":"IgE allergy diagnostics and other relevant tests in allergy, a World Allergy Organization position paper","volume":"13","author":"Ansotegui","year":"2020","journal-title":"World Allergy Organ. J."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2017.04.028","article-title":"ImmunoCAP cellulose displays cross-reactive carbohydrate determinant (CCD) epitopes and can cause false-positive test results in patients with high anti-CCD IgE antibody levels","volume":"141","author":"Hemmer","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2012.10.047","article-title":"Polistes species venom is devoid of carbohydrate-based cross-reactivity and allows interference-free diagnostics","volume":"131","author":"Blank","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/26\/5\/1810\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T16:38:49Z","timestamp":1760027929000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/26\/5\/1810"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,20]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms26051810"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms26051810","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,20]]}}}