{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T13:40:20Z","timestamp":1772113220296,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":103,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,20]],"date-time":"2025-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740009600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Deutsche Tinnitus-Stiftung Charit\u00e9"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Proteins involved in synaptic transmission in normal hearing, acoustic stimulation, and tinnitus were identified using protein\u2013protein interaction (PPI) networks. The gene list for tinnitus was compiled from the GeneCards database using the keywords \u201csynaptic transmission\u201d AND \u201cinferior colliculus\u201d AND \u201ctinnitus\u201d (Tin). For comparison, two gene lists were built using the keywords \u201cauditory perception\u201d (AP) and \u201cacoustic stimulation\u201d (AS). The STRING and the Cytoscape data analyzer were used to identify the top two high-degree proteins (HDPs) and the corresponding high-score interaction proteins (HSIP). The top1 key proteins of the AP and AS processes are BDNF and the receptor NTRK2; the top2 key proteins in the AP process are PVALB, together with GAD1, CALB1, and CALB2, which are important for the balance of excitation and inhibition. In the AS process, the top2 key proteins are FOS, CREB1, EGR1, and MAPK1, reflecting an activated state. The top1 key proteins of the Tin process are BDNF, NTRK3, and NTF3; these proteins are associated with the proliferation and differentiation of neurons and indicate the remodeling of synaptic transmission in IC. The top2 key proteins are GFAP and S100B, indicating a role for astrocytes in the modulation of synaptic transmission.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26051831","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,20]],"date-time":"2025-02-20T11:03:37Z","timestamp":1740049417000},"page":"1831","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Candidate Key Proteins in Tinnitus\u2014A Bioinformatic Study of Synaptic Transmission in the Inferior Colliculus"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Johann","family":"Gross","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tinnitus Center, Charit\u00e9-Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Leibniz Society of Science Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marlies","family":"Knipper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leibniz Society of Science Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, T\u00fcbingen Hearing Research Center (THRC), Molecular Physiology of Hearing, University of T\u00fcbingen, 72076 T\u00fcbingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9587-6632","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Birgit","family":"Mazurek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tinnitus Center, Charit\u00e9-Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2011.04.003","article-title":"The Spiral Ganglion: Connecting the Peripheral and Central Auditory Systems","volume":"278","author":"Nayagam","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hear. 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