{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T00:55:26Z","timestamp":1760057726402,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,22]],"date-time":"2025-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740182400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)","award":["JP22K16634"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP22K16634"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Sepsis is a severe condition with high mortality, in which immune dysfunction plays a critical role. Poor oral health has been linked to frailty, but its impact on sepsis outcomes remains unclear. Therefore, we used a mouse model of malocclusion and sepsis to investigate how tooth loss affects immune responses during sepsis. Adult male C57BL\/6 mice were divided into four groups: Control, Malocclusion (Mal), Sepsis (CS), and Malocclusion with Sepsis (Mal + CS). Malocclusion was induced by tooth extraction, and sepsis was induced using cecal slurry injection. We assessed survival rates, immune cell counts, and biochemical markers. The Mal + CS group exhibited significantly lower survival rates and greater weight loss compared to the CS group. The flow cytometry showed reduced neutrophils, monocytes, and T cells in the Mal + CS group. Elevated ALT and AST levels indicated liver damage. No significant differences in bacterial loads were observed, but immune suppression was exacerbated in the Mal + CS group. Malocclusion worsens sepsis outcomes by impairing both innate and adaptive immune responses. These findings emphasize the importance of oral health in improving sepsis prognosis and immune function during critical illnesses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26051894","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,24]],"date-time":"2025-02-24T06:47:17Z","timestamp":1740379637000},"page":"1894","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Malocclusion Worsens Survival Following Sepsis Due to the Disruption of Innate and Acquired Immunity"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Yoshihisa","family":"Fujinami","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Kakogawa Central City Hospital, Hyogo 675-8611, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Disaster and Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe 650-0047, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masafumi","family":"Saito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Microbiology, National Defense Medical College, Saitama 359-8513, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuko","family":"Ono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Disaster and Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe 650-0047, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masaya","family":"Akashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe 650-0047, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3907-8537","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shigeaki","family":"Inoue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Disaster and Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe 650-0047, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-0012, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joji","family":"Kotani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Disaster and Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe 650-0047, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)32989-7","article-title":"Global, regional, and national sepsis incidence and mortality, 1990\u20132017: Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study","volume":"395","author":"Rudd","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.0288","article-title":"Assessment of clinical criteria for sepsis: For the third international consensus definitions for sepsis and septic shock (Sepsis-3)","volume":"315","author":"Seymour","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"e527","article-title":"Systemic inflammation and sepsis. 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