{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T01:33:15Z","timestamp":1792805595980,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,22]],"date-time":"2025-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740182400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Research Program Fund, Khon Kaen University, Thailand","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03cq4gr50","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) leaf oil (HLO) contains several bioactive compounds such as phenolics, flavonoids, and quercetin. However, the effects of HLO on hypertensive conditions have not yet been investigated. This study investigated the cardiovascular protective effects of HLO in a nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor-induced hypertensive rat model. Five weeks of HLO administration significantly prevented blood pressure elevation, improved cardiac function, and mitigated cardiac hypertrophy. Furthermore, HLO ameliorated vascular dysfunction by reducing sympathetic nerve stimulation-induced vasoconstriction, increasing endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation, as well as decreasing vascular wall thickness and vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. HLO inhibited renin\u2013angiotensin system (RAS) activation and downregulated angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor and NADPH oxidase expression. Additionally, HLO normalized the circulating NO metabolites, decreased oxidative stress, and enhanced antioxidant status. These findings suggest that HLO protects against cardiovascular dysfunction and preserves its morphology. The mechanism of action might involve the suppression of RAS overactivity and oxidative stress through the Ang II\/AT1 receptor\/NOX2 pathway in NO-deficient hypertension.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26051897","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,24]],"date-time":"2025-02-24T06:47:17Z","timestamp":1740379637000},"page":"1897","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Cannabis sativa L. Leaf Oil Displays Cardiovascular Protective Effects in Hypertensive Rats"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Juthamas","family":"Khamseekaew","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7044-8271","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monchai","family":"Duangjinda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0889-6211","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Putcharawipa","family":"Maneesai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chanon","family":"Labjit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siwayu","family":"Rattanakanokchai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sudarat","family":"Rongpan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand"},{"name":"Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Princess of Naradhiwas University, Narathiwat 96000, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Poungrat","family":"Pakdeechote","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6356-735X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Prapassorn","family":"Potue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"150","article-title":"Constituents of Cannabis sativa L. 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