{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T22:36:52Z","timestamp":1784673412840,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,23]],"date-time":"2025-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740268800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Universidad de Guadalajara grant PROSNI","award":["Ciencia de Frontera-2020-552265"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Ciencia de Frontera-2020-552265"]}]},{"name":"Universidad de Guadalajara grant PROSNI","award":["948559"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["948559"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003141","name":"CONACyT-M\u00e9xico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Ciencia de Frontera-2020-552265"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Ciencia de Frontera-2020-552265"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003141","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003141","name":"CONACyT-M\u00e9xico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["948559"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["948559"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003141","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) affects around 40,000 newborns every year and poses a significant health risk. Although much is already known about the neurotoxic mechanisms of PAE, new findings continue to emerge. Studies with mouse models show that PAE leads to overexpression of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the brain, which disrupts important neurodevelopmental processes such as cell migration, survival and proliferation of neurons. The chemokine CXCL16 is overexpressed in the brain following various impairments, including PAE. This study shows that CXCL16 expression varies by developmental stage and sex, consistent with known sexual dimorphism in immune responses. In females, CXCL16 expression may be influenced by estrogen-related mechanisms, possibly related to the alcohol-mediated rebound effect described here. In contrast, the male hippocampus shows greater resilience to PAE-induced CXCL16 changes. Furthermore, the presence of CXCL16 in neuronal nuclei suggests a role in gene regulation, similar to other chemokines such as CCL5 and CXCL4. These findings shed light on the role of chemokines in hippocampal neuroplasticity and may pave the way for better treatment of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26051920","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,24]],"date-time":"2025-02-24T06:47:17Z","timestamp":1740379637000},"page":"1920","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Prenatal Alcohol Exposure Disrupts CXCL16 Expression in Rat Hippocampus: Temporal and Sex Differences"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-9452-6865","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mayra Madeleine","family":"Padilla-Valdez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Neuroinmunobiolog\u00eda Molecular, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n en Ciencias Biom\u00e9dicas (IICB), Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara C.P. 44340, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2843-7821","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Margarita Belem","family":"Santana-Bejarano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Patolog\u00eda Diagn\u00f3stica e Inmunohistoqu\u00edmica, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n y Diagn\u00f3stico en Patolog\u00eda, Departamento de Microbiolog\u00eda y Patolog\u00eda, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara C.P. 44340, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6779-1017","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marisol","family":"God\u00ednez-Rub\u00ed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Patolog\u00eda Diagn\u00f3stica e Inmunohistoqu\u00edmica, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n y Diagn\u00f3stico en Patolog\u00eda, Departamento de Microbiolog\u00eda y Patolog\u00eda, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara C.P. 44340, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7443-2514","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Ortu\u00f1o-Sahag\u00fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Neuroinmunobiolog\u00eda Molecular, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n en Ciencias Biom\u00e9dicas (IICB), Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara C.P. 44340, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4517-8975","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Argelia Esperanza","family":"Rojas-Mayorqu\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento Materno Infantil, Centro Universitario de Tlajomulco, Universidad de Guadalajara, Tlajomulco C.P. 45641, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.4172\/2329-6488.1000257","article-title":"Fetal Alcohol Exposure: The Common Toll","volume":"5","author":"Nakhoul","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. 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