{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T15:44:50Z","timestamp":1791387890409,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,24]],"date-time":"2025-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740355200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006769","name":"Russian Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["23-75-01066"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23-75-01066"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006769","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ear reconstruction surgeries for congenital deformities and trauma are common, highlighting the need for improved cartilage regeneration. Lactoferrin (LF), a natural and cost-effective protein, is promising due to its anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and prochondrogenic properties. This study investigates the effects of LF on the viability, proliferation, and chondrogenesis of rabbit auricular chondrocytes. For in vitro studies, auricular chondrocytes were cultured for three passages, after which 3D pellets were formed. LF significantly increased chondrocyte metabolic activity by 1.5 times at doses of 10 and 500 \u03bcg\/mL. At passage 3, LF at concentrations of 10 and 100 \u03bcg\/mL increased cell proliferation rates by 2- and 1.5-fold, respectively. Immunohistochemical staining of the pellets demonstrated that LF at 10 \u03bcg\/mL increased the amount of sex-determining region Y-Box Transcription Factor 9 (Sox9)+ cells by 30%, while at 100 \u03bcg\/mL, it doubled the type II collagen deposits. For in vivo studies, a rabbit ear defect model was utilized. On post-operative day 60, the LF-treated group exhibited more mature cartilage regeneration, with a higher density of elastic fibers. By day 90 post-surgery, LF application led to the restoration of normal elastic cartilage throughout the defect. These findings suggest that LF promotes auricular chondrocytes chondrogenesis and could be beneficial for tissue engineering of the elastic cartilage.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26051956","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,24]],"date-time":"2025-02-24T10:04:28Z","timestamp":1740391468000},"page":"1956","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Lactoferrin Stimulates Chondrogenesis and Promotes Healing of the Auricular Elastic Cartilage"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Anastasiia D.","family":"Kurenkova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 8-2 Trubetskaya St., 119991 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4097-1552","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalia B.","family":"Serejnikova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 8-2 Trubetskaya St., 119991 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sofia A.","family":"Sheleg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 8-2 Trubetskaya St., 119991 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4137-8993","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexey L.","family":"Fayzullin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 8-2 Trubetskaya St., 119991 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikolai E.","family":"Denisov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 8-2 Trubetskaya St., 119991 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7881-2912","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandra V.","family":"Igrunkova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Anatomy and Histology, N.V. Sklifosovsky Institute of Clinical Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 11, Building 10, Mokhovaya St., 125009 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2039-7108","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena R.","family":"Sadchikova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 34\/5 Vavilov St., 119344 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0575-0321","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Artem A.","family":"Antoshin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 8-2 Trubetskaya St., 119991 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter S.","family":"Timashev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 8-2 Trubetskaya St., 119991 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"World-Class Research Center \u201cDigital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare\u201d, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 8-2 Trubetskaya St., 119048 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-021-06903-5","article-title":"Auricular Reconstruction: Where Are We Now? 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