{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T13:19:21Z","timestamp":1783948761339,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740787200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004488","name":"Croatian Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIP-2019-04-7194"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIP-2019-04-7194"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004488","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) has recently been linked with sepsis outcomes. However, the immune mechanisms by which MASLD aggravates sepsis severity are unknown. This prospective cohort study aimed to analyze serum cytokine and chemokine kinetics in patients with MASLD and community-acquired sepsis. Out of the 124 patients, 68 (55%) were diagnosed with MASLD. There were no differences in age, sex, comorbidities, baseline sepsis severity, or etiology between the groups. Serum concentrations of 27 cytokines and chemokines on admission and day 5 of hospitalization were analyzed using a multiplex bead-based assay. Patients with MASLD had significantly higher serum concentrations of IL17A, IL-23, IL-33, CXCL10 and TGF-\u03b21. Different cytokine kinetics were observed; patients with MASLD had a decrease in IL-10, IL-23, CXCL10 and TGF-\u03b21, and an increase in IL-33, CXCL5 and CXCL1 on day 5. In the non-MASLD group, there was a decrease in IFN-\u03b3, IL-6, IL-23 and CCL20, and an increase in CCL11 and CXCL5. While TGF-\u03b21 significantly increased in non-MASLD, in MASLD, it decreased on day 5. Kinetics of TGF- \u03b21 and CCL11 were associated with mortality in patients with MASLD. In conclusion, MASLD is linked with distinct cytokine and chemokine profiles during sepsis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26052226","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,3]],"date-time":"2025-03-03T05:52:16Z","timestamp":1740981136000},"page":"2226","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The Impact of Steatotic Liver Disease on Cytokine and Chemokine Kinetics During Sepsis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Nina","family":"Vrsaljko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Infectious Diseases Department, University Hospital for Infectious Diseases \u201cDr. Fran Mihaljevi\u0107\u201d, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leona","family":"Radmanic Matotek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Immunological and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital for Infectious Diseases \u201cDr. Fran Mihaljevi\u0107\u201d, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Snjezana","family":"Zidovec-Lepej","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Immunological and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital for Infectious Diseases \u201cDr. Fran Mihaljevi\u0107\u201d, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adriana","family":"Vince","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Viral Hepatitis, University Hospital for Infectious Diseases \u201cDr. Fran Mihaljevi\u0107\u201d, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5784-1343","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Neven","family":"Papic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Viral Hepatitis, University Hospital for Infectious Diseases \u201cDr. Fran Mihaljevi\u0107\u201d, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"},{"name":"Department for Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.0287","article-title":"The Third International Consensus Definitions for Sepsis and Septic Shock (Sepsis-3)","volume":"315","author":"Singer","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R613","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00003.2023","article-title":"Sepsis: Network pathophysiology and implications for early diagnosis","volume":"324","author":"Arora","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am. 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