{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T17:42:24Z","timestamp":1793727744762,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":133,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,3]],"date-time":"2025-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740960000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Vitamin D (VD) is a fat-soluble steroid hormone with essential physiological functions beyond calcium and bone metabolism. In recent years, its role in women\u2019s reproductive health has gained attention, influencing ovarian function, follicular development, endometrial receptivity, and steroid hormone regulation. VD deficiency has been linked to reproductive disorders such as polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), endometriosis, and infertility. Studies indicate that up to 40\u201350% of healthy pregnant women have insufficient VD levels, which may contribute to adverse pregnancy outcomes and reduced fertility. With growing evidence connecting VD to reproductive health, this review examines its molecular and endocrine mechanisms in fertility, endometriosis, and PCOS. It explores VD\u2019s therapeutic potential and its implications for improving clinical approaches and future research in reproductive medicine. Maintaining adequate VD levels is crucial for ovarian function, immune modulation in reproductive tissues, and overall fertility. Its deficiency is associated with insulin resistance, hormonal imbalances, and inflammatory processes, which contribute to reproductive pathophysiology. Establishing reference values for VD in reproductive medicine is essential for optimizing fertility treatments and improving clinical outcomes. This review synthesizes current research on VD\u2019s role in reproductive health and highlights the need for further investigation into its therapeutic applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26052256","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,3]],"date-time":"2025-03-03T10:15:03Z","timestamp":1740996903000},"page":"2256","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Vitamin D in Reproductive Health Disorders: A Narrative Review Focusing on Infertility, Endometriosis, and Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1127-9548","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ximena A.","family":"van Tienhoven","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad An\u00e1huac M\u00e9xico Norte, Lomas An\u00e1huac, Huixquilucan 52786, Estado de M\u00e9xico, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jimena","family":"Ruiz de Ch\u00e1vez Gasc\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad An\u00e1huac M\u00e9xico Norte, Lomas An\u00e1huac, Huixquilucan 52786, Estado de M\u00e9xico, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-1334-0399","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriela","family":"Cano-Herrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad An\u00e1huac Puebla, Ori\u00f3n Norte S\/N, La Vista Country Club, San Andr\u00e9s Cholula 72810, Puebla, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-7471-2942","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Antonio","family":"Sarkis Nehme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad An\u00e1huac M\u00e9xico Norte, Lomas An\u00e1huac, Huixquilucan 52786, Estado de M\u00e9xico, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6388-7556","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ariela A.","family":"Souroujon Torun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad An\u00e1huac M\u00e9xico Norte, Lomas An\u00e1huac, Huixquilucan 52786, Estado de M\u00e9xico, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Fernanda","family":"Bautista Gonzalez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad An\u00e1huac M\u00e9xico Norte, Lomas An\u00e1huac, Huixquilucan 52786, Estado de M\u00e9xico, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1884-5389","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Felipe","family":"Esparza Salazar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad An\u00e1huac M\u00e9xico Norte, Lomas An\u00e1huac, Huixquilucan 52786, Estado de M\u00e9xico, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Sierra Brozon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento en Cirug\u00eda P\u00e9lvica, Doyenne High Quality and Multidisciplinary Treatment Center for Endometriosis, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 06700, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-9778-6959","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eder Gabriel","family":"Rivera Rosas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento en Cirug\u00eda P\u00e9lvica, Doyenne High Quality and Multidisciplinary Treatment Center for Endometriosis, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 06700, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dante","family":"Carbajal Ocampo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento en Cirug\u00eda P\u00e9lvica, Doyenne High Quality and Multidisciplinary Treatment Center for Endometriosis, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 06700, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3823-3283","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ramiro","family":"Cabrera Carranco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento en Cirug\u00eda P\u00e9lvica, Doyenne High Quality and Multidisciplinary Treatment Center for Endometriosis, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 06700, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2660","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2004-0116","article-title":"The vitamin D receptor is present in caveolae-enriched plasma membranes and binds 1\u03b1,25(OH)2-vitamin D3 in vivo and in vitro","volume":"18","author":"Huhtakangas","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"A systematic review of vitamin D and endometriosis: Role in pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention","volume":"4","author":"Nylander","year":"2022","journal-title":"FS Rev."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grundmann, M., and von Versen-H\u00f6ynck, F. (2011). Vitamin D\u2014Roles in women\u2019s reproductive health?. Reprod. Biol. Endocrinol., 9.","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7827-9-146"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1515\/hmbci-2016-0049","article-title":"Vitamin D and male reproductive system","volume":"28","author":"Costanzo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Horm. Mol. Biol. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"28","article-title":"Vitamin D and health: Beyond bone","volume":"7","author":"Christakos","year":"2014","journal-title":"MD Advis."},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"2641","article-title":"Effect of vitamin D supplementation on polycystic ovary syndrome: A meta-analysis","volume":"19","author":"Miao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Exp. Ther. Med."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqaa096","article-title":"Supplementation with vitamin D or \u03c9-3 fatty acids in adolescent girls and young women with endometriosis (SAGE): A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"112","author":"Nodler","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0036-1583529","article-title":"Vitamin D in reproductive health and pregnancy","volume":"34","author":"Mousa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Semin. Reprod. Med."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhou, X., Wu, X., Luo, X., Shao, J., Guo, D., Deng, B., and Wu, Z. (2022). Effect of vitamin D supplementation on in vitro fertilization outcomes: A trial sequential meta-analysis of 5 randomized controlled trials. Front. Endocrinol., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.852428"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bednarska-Czerwi\u0144ska, A., Olszak-W\u0105sik, K., Olejek, A., Czerwi\u0144ski, M., and Tukiendorf, A. (2019). Vitamin D and Anti-M\u00fcllerian Hormone Levels in Infertility Treatment: The Change-Point Problem. Nutrients, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11051053"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3506","DOI":"10.1097\/MS9.0000000000000879","article-title":"Vitamin D and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): A review","volume":"85","author":"Mohan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann. Med. Surg."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2012.04434.x","article-title":"Vitamin D in the aetiology and management of polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"77","author":"Thomson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ao, T., Kikuta, J., and Ishii, M. (2021). The Effects of Vitamin D on Immune System and Inflammatory Diseases. Biomolecules, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom11111624"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e10405","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm4.10405","article-title":"Vitamin D and immune regulation: Antibacterial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory","volume":"5","author":"Bishop","year":"2021","journal-title":"JBMR Plus."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1097\/GCO.0000000000000065","article-title":"Vitamin D and female fertility","volume":"26","author":"Lerchbaum","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"4243","article-title":"Vitamin D in human reproduction: The more, the better? An evidence-based critical appraisal","volume":"21","author":"Lagana","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pilz, S., Zittermann, A., Obeid, R., Hahn, A., Pludowski, P., Trummer, C., Lerchbaum, E., P\u00e9rez-L\u00f3pez, F.R., Karras, S.N., and M\u00e4rz, W. (2018). The role of vitamin D in fertility and during pregnancy and lactation: A review of clinical data. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15102241"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2019.04.007","article-title":"Vitamin D and health\u2014The missing vitamin in humans","volume":"60","author":"Chang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pediatr. Neonatol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fantini, C., Corinaldesi, C., Lenzi, A., Migliaccio, S., and Crescioli, C. (2023). Vitamin D as a shield against aging. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24054546"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1007\/s11657-020-00765-w","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency in Mexicans has a high prevalence: A cross-sectional analysis of patients from the Centro M\u00e9dico Nacional 20 de noviembre","volume":"15","author":"Uribe","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch. Osteoporos."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"P\u0142udowski, P., Kos-Kud\u0142a, B., Walczak, M., Fal, A., Zozuli\u0144ska-Zi\u00f3\u0142kiewicz, D., Sieroszewski, P., Peregud-Pogorzelski, J., Lauterbach, R., Targowski, T., and Lewi\u0144ski, A. (2023). Guidelines for preventing and treating vitamin D deficiency: A 2023 update in Poland. Nutrients, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15030695"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2014.04.046","article-title":"Role of vitamin D in ovarian physiology and its implication in reproduction: A systematic review","volume":"102","author":"Irani","year":"2014","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra070553","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency","volume":"357","author":"Holick","year":"2007","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/72.3.690","article-title":"Decreased bioavailability of vitamin D in obesity","volume":"72","author":"Wortsman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.20945\/2359-3997000000565","article-title":"Vitamin D metabolism and extraskeletal outcomes: An update","volume":"66","author":"Silva","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arch. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"V\u00e1rb\u00edr\u00f3, S., Tak\u00e1cs, I., T\u0171\u0171, L., Nas, K., Sziva, R.E., Hetth\u00e9ssy, J.R., and T\u00f6r\u00f6k, M. (2022). Effects of Vitamin D on fertility, pregnancy, and polycystic ovary syndrome\u2014A review. Nutrients, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14081649"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1262837","article-title":"Vitamin D regulates steroidogenesis and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) production in human ovarian cells","volume":"42","author":"Parikh","year":"2010","journal-title":"Horm. Metab. Res."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1515\/hmbci-2015-0051","article-title":"Is there a role for vitamin D in human reproduction?","volume":"25","author":"Nandi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Horm. Mol. Biol. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1234","DOI":"10.5740\/jaoacint.17-0196","article-title":"The Vitamin D Standardization Program (VDSP) Manual for Retrospective Laboratory Standardization of Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Data","volume":"100","author":"Tian","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. AOAC Int."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1007\/s11154-017-9424-1","article-title":"The vitamin D deficiency pandemic: Approaches for diagnosis, treatment and prevention","volume":"18","author":"Holick","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rev. Endocr. Metab. Disord."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2017.01.021","article-title":"Vitamin D supplementation guidelines","volume":"175","author":"Pludowski","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2013.01.010","article-title":"A glimpse of vitamin D status in Mainland China","volume":"29","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3602","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2021.1990850","article-title":"High prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Asia: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"63","author":"Jiang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fernando, M., Ellery, S.J., Marquina, C., Lim, S., Naderpoor, N., and Mousa, A. (2020). Vitamin D-Binding Protein in Pregnancy and Reproductive Health. Nutrients, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12051489"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Babi\u0107 Leko, M., Jure\u0161ko, I., Rozi\u0107, I., Plei\u0107, N., Gunja\u010da, I., and Zemunik, T. (2023). Vitamin D and the Thyroid: A Critical Review of the Current Evidence. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24043586"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2001-0035","article-title":"Endocrinological Disorders and Celiac Disease","volume":"23","author":"Collin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2006-07-031104","article-title":"Hematologic manifestations of celiac disease","volume":"109","author":"Halfdanarson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.4161\/derm.24807","article-title":"Vitamin D status among healthy postmenopausal women in South America","volume":"5","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dermato-Endocrinology"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.21149\/12161","article-title":"Vitamin D status in Mexican women at reproductive age, Ensanut 2018\u201319","volume":"63","author":"Villalpando","year":"2021","journal-title":"Salud Publica Mex."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Soto, J.R., Anthias, C., Madrigal, A., and Snowden, J.A. (2020). Insights Into the Role of Vitamin D as a Biomarker in Stem Cell Transplantation. Front. Immunol., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.00966"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sassi, F., Tamone, C., and D\u2019Amelio, P. (2018). Vitamin D: Nutrient, Hormone, and Immunomodulator. Nutrients, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10111656"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e28796","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000028796","article-title":"Effects of vitamin D supplementation on ovarian reserve markers in infertile women with diminished ovarian reserve","volume":"101","author":"Bacanakgil","year":"2022","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moridi, I., Chen, A., Tal, O., and Tal, R. (2020). The Association between Vitamin D and Anti-M\u00fcllerian Hormone: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients, 12.","DOI":"10.37766\/inplasy2020.4.0204"},{"key":"ref_44","first-page":"143","article-title":"Effect of Vitamin D3 on Mitochondrial Biogenesis in Granulosa Cells Derived from Polycystic Ovary Syndrome","volume":"14","author":"Safaei","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5531","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2021.09.031","article-title":"Vitamin D supplementation reduces the risk of fall in the vitamin D deficient elderly: An updated meta-analysis","volume":"40","author":"Ling","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(18)30153-0","article-title":"Association of preconception serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations with livebirth and pregnancy loss: A prospective cohort study","volume":"6","author":"Mumford","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dex326","article-title":"Vitamin D and assisted reproductive treatment outcome: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"33","author":"Chu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1080\/14647273.2020.1807618","article-title":"Women\u2019s vitamin D levels and IVF results: A systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis, considering three categories of vitamin status (replete, insufficient, and deficient)","volume":"25","author":"Iliuta","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hum. Fertil."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2013.10.008","article-title":"Influence of vitamin D levels on in vitro fertilization outcomes in donor-recipient cycles","volume":"101","author":"Rudick","year":"2014","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ekanayake, D.L., Ma\u0142opolska, M.M., Schwarz, T., Tuz, R., and Bartlewski, P.M. (2022). The roles and expression of HOXA\/Hoxa10 gene: A prospective marker of mammalian female fertility?. Reprod Biol., 22.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.repbio.2022.100647"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.4103\/ijem.ijem_90_22","article-title":"Induction of Endometrial HOXA 10 Gene Expression by Vitamin D and its Possible Influence on Reproductive Outcome of PCOS Patients Undergoing Ovulation Induction Procedure","volume":"26","author":"Shilpasree","year":"2022","journal-title":"Indian J. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_52","first-page":"3483","article-title":"Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D correlates with endometrial HOXA10 mRNA expression","volume":"26","author":"Ersahin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.05.019","article-title":"Replete vitamin D stores predict reproductive success following in vitro fertilization","volume":"94","author":"Ozkan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2020.08.009","article-title":"Is Vitamin D important for in vitro fertilization success?","volume":"114","author":"McGovern","year":"2020","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e892","DOI":"10.1093\/nutrit\/nuae065","article-title":"The Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation During Pregnancy on Maternal, Neonatal, and Infant Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","volume":"83","author":"Yang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nutr. Rev."},{"key":"ref_56","first-page":"1961","article-title":"Cloning of human 25-hydroxyvitamin D-1 alpha-hydroxylase and mutations causing vitamin D-dependent rickets type 1","volume":"11","author":"Fu","year":"1997","journal-title":"Mol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2011.06.013","article-title":"Expression profiling of vitamin D receptor in placenta, decidua, and ovary of pregnant mice","volume":"32","author":"Shahbazi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1007\/s11154-017-9425-0","article-title":"The role of vitamin D in male fertility: A focus on the testis","volume":"18","author":"Galdiero","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rev. Endocr. Metab. Disord."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110355","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2022.110355","article-title":"The vitamin D\/vitamin D receptor (VDR) axis in muscle atrophy and sarcopenia","volume":"96","author":"Bollen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Signal"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1303","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deq024","article-title":"Vitamin D receptor and vitamin D metabolizing enzymes are expressed in the human male reproductive tract","volume":"25","author":"Meyts","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsgi.2003.09.003","article-title":"Expression of nuclear receptors and cofactors in human endometrium and myometrium","volume":"11","author":"Vienonen","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Soc. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2006.12.075","article-title":"Expression of 25 hydroxyvitamin D3-1\u03b1-hydroxylase in human endometrial tissue","volume":"103","author":"Becker","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.2014.57","article-title":"Role of local bioactivation of vitamin D by CYP27A1 and CYP2R1 in the control of cell growth in normal endometrium and endometrial carcinoma","volume":"94","author":"Pallares","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lab. Invest."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cermisoni, G.C., Alteri, A., Corti, L., Rabellotti, E., Papaleo, E., Vigan\u00f2, P., and Sanchez, A.M. (2018). Vitamin D and Endometrium: A Systematic Review of a Neglected Area of Research. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19082320"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3027","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2015-4352","article-title":"Reproductive Medicine Network. Vitamin D Status Relates to Reproductive Outcome in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Secondary Analysis of a Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial","volume":"101","author":"Pal","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_66","first-page":"1786","article-title":"The International Glossary on Infertility and Fertility Care, 2017","volume":"32","author":"Adamson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hum Reprod."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1911","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-0385","article-title":"Evaluation, treatment, and prevention of vitamin D deficiency: An Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline","volume":"96","author":"Holick","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1186\/s12978-024-01797-y","article-title":"Vitamin D and reproductive disorders: A comprehensive review with a focus on endometriosis","volume":"21","author":"Farhangnia","year":"2024","journal-title":"Reprod. Health"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2163","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dez170","article-title":"Pre-conception 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and fecundability","volume":"34","author":"Jukic","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2012.12.011","article-title":"Physiological and molecular determinants of embryo implantation","volume":"34","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. Asp. Med."},{"key":"ref_71","first-page":"167","article-title":"Perinatal outcome in fresh versus frozen embryo transfer in ART cycles","volume":"14","author":"Aflatoonian","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Reprod. Biomed."},{"key":"ref_72","first-page":"18","article-title":"Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection Outcomes: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial","volume":"13","author":"Abedi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"j5237","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.j5237","article-title":"Vitamin D Supplementation During Pregnancy: State of the Evidence from a Systematic Review of Randomized Trials","volume":"359","author":"Roth","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_74","first-page":"289","article-title":"25-Hydroxyvitamin D concentration is key to analyzing vitamin D\u2019s effects","volume":"70","author":"Grant","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Fam. Pract."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1532","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.05.011","article-title":"Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation During Pregnancy on Offspring Health at Birth: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials","volume":"41","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3361","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgaa513","article-title":"Anti-M\u00fcllerian Hormone and Ovarian Reserve: Update on Assessing Ovarian Function","volume":"105","author":"Moolhuijsen","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2450","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-1213","article-title":"The level of serum anti-M\u00fcllerian hormone correlates with vitamin D status in men and women but not in boys","volume":"97","author":"Dennis","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Meng, X., Zhang, J., Wan, Q., Huang, J., Han, T., Qu, T., and Yu, L.-L. (2023). Influence of Vitamin D supplementation on reproductive outcomes of infertile patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Reprod. Biol. Endocrinol., 21.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-023-01068-8"},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A\u015f\u0131r, F., Duran, S.\u00c7., Af\u015fin, M., Duran, E., Korak, T., and \u015eahin, F. (2024). Investigation of vitamin D levels in men with suspected infertility. Life, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/life14020273"},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2465","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deac155","article-title":"Preconception vitamin D and miscarriage in a prospective cohort study","volume":"37","author":"Subramanian","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Paffoni, A., Somigliana, E., Sarais, V., Ferrari, S., Reschini, M., Makieva, S., Papaleo, E., and Vigan\u00f2, P. (2019). Effect of vitamin D supplementation on assisted reproduction technology (ART) outcomes and underlying biological mechanisms: Protocol of a randomized clinical controlled trial. The \u201csupplementation of vitamin D and reproductive outcome\u201d (SUNDRO) study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth, 19.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-019-2538-6"},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2273","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dem142","article-title":"Vitamin D reserve is higher in women with endometriosis","volume":"22","author":"Somigliana","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1186\/s12978-019-0769-7","article-title":"Vitamin D and assisted reproductive treatment outcome: A prospective cohort study","volume":"16","author":"Chu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Reprod. Health"},{"key":"ref_84","first-page":"595","article-title":"Effect of vitamin D insufficiency treatment on fertility outcomes in frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycles: A randomized clinical trial","volume":"12","author":"Aflatoonian","year":"2014","journal-title":"Iran. J. Reprod. Med."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1080\/09513590.2020.1760820","article-title":"Positive effect of a new supplementation of vitamin D3 with myo-inositol, folic acid and melatonin on IVF outcomes: A prospective randomized and controlled pilot study","volume":"37","author":"Bilotta","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gynecol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1206-1064","article-title":"Calcitriol effect on outcomes of in vitro fertilization in infertile women with vitamin D deficiency: A double-blind randomized clinical trial","volume":"225","author":"Doryanizadeh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Z. Geburtshilfe Neonatol."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2021.04.234","article-title":"Single oral dose of vitamin D3 supplementation prior to in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer in normal weight women: The SUNDRO randomized controlled trial","volume":"225","author":"Somigliana","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Anifandis, G.M., Dafopoulos, K., Messini, C.I., Chalvatzas, N., Liakos, N., Pournaras, S., and Messinis, I.E. (2010). Prognostic value of follicular fluid 25-OH vitamin D and glucose levels in the IVF outcome. Reprod. Biol. Endocrinol., 8.","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7827-8-91"},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2014.09.029","article-title":"Vitamin D levels do not affect IVF outcomes following the transfer of euploid blastocysts","volume":"212","author":"Franasiak","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1608","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2014.08.030","article-title":"Impact of circulating levels of total and bioavailable serum vitamin D on pregnancy rate in egg donation recipients","volume":"102","author":"Fabris","year":"2014","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humgen.2024.201293","article-title":"Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) and its association with VDR gene variants Cdx2 (rs11568820) and ApaI (rs7975232): Systematic review, meta-analysis and in silico analysis","volume":"40","author":"Gupta","year":"2024","journal-title":"Hum. Gene"},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2841","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dew218","article-title":"The prevalence and phenotypic features of polycystic ovary syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"31","author":"Bozdag","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists\u2019 Committee on Practice Bulletins\u2014Gynecology (2020). ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 194: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Obstet. Gynecol., 136, 638.","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000004069"},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2018.05.004","article-title":"Recommendations from the international evidence-based guideline for the assessment and management of polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"110","author":"Teede","year":"2018","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2015-1104","article-title":"The Pathogenesis of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): The Hypothesis of PCOS as Functional Ovarian Hyperandrogenism Revisited","volume":"37","author":"Rosenfield","year":"2016","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.repbio.2018.01.002","article-title":"Investigation of the uterine structural changes in the experimental model with polycystic ovary syndrome and effects of vitamin D treatment: An ultrastructural and immunohistochemical study","volume":"18","author":"Kuyucu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Reprod. Biol."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1111\/ijcp.12031","article-title":"Vitamin D in human reproduction: A narrative review","volume":"67","author":"Anagnostis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Morgante, G., Darino, I., Span\u00f2, A., Luisi, S., Luddi, A., Piomboni, P., Governini, L., and De Leo, V. (2022). PCOS Physiopathology and Vitamin D Deficiency: Biological Insights and Perspectives for Treatment. J. Clin. Med., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11154509"},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0043-107242","article-title":"The Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation on Metabolic Status of Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial","volume":"49","author":"Maktabi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Horm. Metab. Res."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2019","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-018-1760-8","article-title":"Effects of vitamin D supplementation on metabolic and endocrine parameters in PCOS: A randomized-controlled trial","volume":"58","author":"Trummer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.23736\/S0391-1977.18.02824-9","article-title":"Associations between vitamin D levels and polycystic ovary syndrome phenotypes","volume":"44","author":"Davis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Minerva Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lerchbaum, E., Theiler-Schwetz, V., Kollmann, M., W\u00f6lfler, M., Pilz, S., Obermayer-Pietsch, B., and Trummer, C. (2021). Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation on Surrogate Markers of Fertility in PCOS Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13020547"},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-11-0134","article-title":"Vitamin D-associated polymorphisms are related to insulin resistance and vitamin D deficiency in polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"164","author":"Wehr","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ota, K., Mitsui, J., Katsumata, S., Takayanagi, Y., Nako, Y., Tajima, M., Komiya, A., Takahashi, T., and Kawai, K. (2023). Seasonal serum 25(OH) vitamin D level and reproductive or immune markers in reproductive-aged women with infertility: A cross-sectional observational study in East Japan. Nutrients, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15245059"},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/s13048-019-0480-x","article-title":"Vitamin D and probiotic co-supplementation affects mental health, hormonal, inflammatory and oxidative stress parameters in women with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"12","author":"Ostadmohammadi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Ovarian Res."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dastorani, M., Aghadavod, E., Mirhosseini, N., Foroozanfard, F., Zadeh Modarres, S., Amiri Siavashani, M., and Asemi, Z. (2018). The effects of vitamin D supplementation on metabolic profiles and gene expression of insulin and lipid metabolism in infertile polycystic ovary syndrome candidates for in vitro fertilization. Reprod. Biol. Endocrinol., 16.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-018-0413-3"},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Javed, Z., Papageorgiou, M., Deshmukh, H., Kilpatrick, E.S., Mann, V., Corless, L., Abouda, G., Rigby, A.S., Atkin, S.L., and Sathyapalan, T. (2019). A Randomized, Controlled Trial of Vitamin D Supplementation on Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Hormones, and Liver Markers in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Nutrients, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11010188"},{"key":"ref_108","first-page":"767","article-title":"Vitamin D and Lipid Profiles in Infertile PCOS and Non-PCOS Females","volume":"34","author":"Azhar","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Coll. Physicians Surg. Pak."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4307","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2015-2580","article-title":"Vitamin D Supplementation Decreases TGF-\u03b21 Bioavailability in PCOS: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial","volume":"100","author":"Irani","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1186\/s13048-024-01473-6","article-title":"Effects of vitamin D supplementation on metabolic parameters in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"17","author":"Wen","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Ovarian Res."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Krul-Poel, Y.H.M., Koenders, P.P., Steegers-Theunissen, R.P., Ten Boekel, E., Wee, M.M.T., Louwers, Y., Lips, P., Laven, J.S.E., and Simsek, S. (2018). Vitamin D and metabolic disturbances in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): A cross-sectional study. PLoS ONE, 13.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0204748"},{"key":"ref_112","first-page":"397","article-title":"Endometriosis: Evaluation and Treatment","volume":"106","author":"Edi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am. Fam. Physician"},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.1111\/jog.15549","article-title":"New concepts on the etiology of endometriosis","volume":"49","author":"Cousins","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Obstet. Gynaecol. Res."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cano-Herrera, G., Salmun Nehmad, S., Ruiz de Ch\u00e1vez Gasc\u00f3n, J., M\u00e9ndez Vionet, A., van Tienhoven, X.A., Osorio Mart\u00ednez, M.F., Muleiro Alvarez, M., Vasco Rivero, M.X., L\u00f3pez Torres, M.F., and Barroso Valverde, M.J. (2024). Endometriosis: A Comprehensive Analysis of the Pathophysiology, Treatment, and Nutritional Aspects, and Its Repercussions on the Quality of Life of Patients. Biomedicines, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines12071476"},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e23130","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.202300907","article-title":"Endometriosis in the era of precision medicine and impact on sexual and reproductive health across the lifespan and in diverse populations","volume":"37","author":"Giudice","year":"2023","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Esfandiari, F., Chitsazian, F., Jahromi, M.G., Favaedi, R., Bazrgar, M., Aflatoonian, R., Afsharian, P., Aflatoonian, A., and Shahhoseini, M. (2021). HOX cluster and their cofactors showed an altered expression pattern in eutopic and ectopic endometriosis tissues. Reprod. Biol. Endocrinol., 19.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-021-00816-y"},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2018.06.001","article-title":"Risk for and consequences of endometriosis: A critical epidemiologic review","volume":"51","author":"Shafrir","year":"2018","journal-title":"Best Pract. Res. Clin. Obstet. Gynaecol."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Smolarz, B., Szy\u0142\u0142o, K., and Romanowicz, H. (2021). Endometriosis: Epidemiology, Classification, Pathogenesis, Treatment and Genetics (Review of Literature). Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms221910554"},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.35366\/112645","article-title":"Evaluaci\u00f3n de la calidad de vida en pacientes con endometriosis mediante una escala original","volume":"21","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta m\u00e9d. Grupo \u00c1ngeles"},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rx.2020.09.007","article-title":"Infiltrating endometriosis: Diagnostic keys in abdominal ultrasonography","volume":"63","author":"Salvador","year":"2021","journal-title":"Radiolog\u00eda"},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1186\/s13244-023-01466-x","article-title":"MRI of endometriosis in correlation with the #Enzian classification: Applicability and structured report","volume":"14","author":"Maciel","year":"2023","journal-title":"Insights Imaging"},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fran\u00e7a, P.R.C., Lontra, A.C.P., and Fernandes, P.D. (2022). Endometriosis: A Disease with Few Direct Treatment Options. Molecules, 27.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27134034"},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kalaitzopoulos, D.R., Samartzis, N., Daniilidis, A., Leeners, B., Makieva, S., Nirgianakis, K., Dedes, I., Metzler, J.M., Imesch, P., and Lempesis, I.G. (2022). Effects of vitamin D supplementation in endometriosis: A systematic review. Reprod. Biol. Endocrinol., 20.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-022-01051-9"},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jri.2020.103266","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency as a risk factor for endometriosis in Iranian women","volume":"143","author":"Delbandi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Reprod. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jennings, B.S., and Hewison, M. (2025). Vitamin D and Endometriosis: Is There a Mechanistic Link?. Cell Biochem. Funct., 43.","DOI":"10.1002\/cbf.70037"},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zheng, S.H., Chen, X.X., Chen, Y., Wu, Z.C., Chen, X.Q., and Li, X.L. (2023). Antioxidant vitamins supplementation reduce endometriosis related pelvic pain in humans: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Reprod. Biol. Endocrinol., 21.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-023-01126-1"},{"key":"ref_127","first-page":"593","article-title":"Evaluation of the natural killer cell subsets and their relationship with serum interferon gamma and vitamin D levels in women with stages III and IV endometriosis: A case-control study","volume":"22","author":"Chamgordani","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Reprod. Biomed."},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2371","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2016-1515","article-title":"Effects of 1,25-Dihydroxy Vitamin D3 on Endometriosis","volume":"101","author":"Miyashita","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1080\/09513590.2021.1878138","article-title":"The effect of vitamin D supplementation on clinical symptoms and metabolic profiles in patients with endometriosis","volume":"37","author":"Mehdizadehkashi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gynecol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kws247","article-title":"Dairy-food, calcium, magnesium, and vitamin D intake and endometriosis: A prospective cohort study","volume":"177","author":"Harris","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xie, B., Liao, M., Huang, Y., Hang, F., Ma, N., Hu, Q., Wang, J., Jin, Y., and Qin, A. (2024). Association between vitamin D and endometriosis among American women: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. PLoS ONE, 19.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0296190"},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barnard, N.D., Holtz, D.N., Schmidt, N., Kolipaka, S., Hata, E., Sutton, M., Znayenko-Miller, T., Hazen, N.D., Cobb, C., and Kahleova, H. (2023). Nutrition in the prevention and treatment of endometriosis: A review. Front. Nutr., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2023.1089891"},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, M., Shen, X., Lu, D., Peng, J., Zhou, S., Xu, L., and Zhang, J. (2023). Effects of vitamin D supplementation on ovulation and pregnancy in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front. Endocrinol., 14.","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1148556"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/26\/5\/2256\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T16:46:28Z","timestamp":1760028388000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/26\/5\/2256"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,3]]},"references-count":133,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms26052256"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms26052256","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,3]]}}}