{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T00:58:36Z","timestamp":1760057916322,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,5]],"date-time":"2025-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741132800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"JST Grant Number","award":["JPMJPF2201"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JPMJPF2201"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Dementia blood biomarkers are becoming increasingly important. Various factors, such as ischemic lesions and inflammation, can influence the pathomechanism of dementia. We aimed to evaluate the effects of past stroke lesions on blood biomarkers (BMs). Following approval from the institutional ethics committee, patients who were admitted to the memory clinic and were consented to written documents were enrolled (n = 111, average [standard deviation] age: 74.5 [9.1] years-old). Brain magnetic resonance imaging, cognitive function, and neuropsychological symptoms were analyzed. The amyloid-\u03b2 42 (A\u03b242)\/A\u03b240 ratio, phosphorylated tau181 (p-tau181), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), neurofilament light chain (NfL), and A\u03b242\/p-tau181 ratio were assessed as plasma BMs. The patients were diagnosed with Alzheimer\u2019s disease (n = 45), mild cognitive impairment (n = 56), depression (n = 8), and subjective cognitive impairment (n = 4). Bivariate analysis exhibited that all measured BM indicators were significantly associated with cognitive decline in patients without past stroke lesions. Whereas the patients with stroke lesions presented a significant association only between GFAP and cognitive decline (p = 0.0011). Multiple regression analysis showed that NfL significantly correlated with cognitive decline only in patients without stroke lesions (r = 0.4988, p = 0.0003) and with delusion only in those with stroke lesions (r = 0.5492, p = 0.0121). Past stroke lesions should be addressed in the assessment of the correlation between blood biomarkers and cognitive decline in dementia patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26052325","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,5]],"date-time":"2025-03-05T09:37:52Z","timestamp":1741167472000},"page":"2325","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Blood Biomarkers Reflect Dementia Symptoms and Are Influenced by Cerebrovascular Lesions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1796-5859","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Taizen","family":"Nakase","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Aging Research and Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo Machi, Sendai 980-8575, Miyagi, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yasuko","family":"Tatewaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Aging Research and Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo Machi, Sendai 980-8575, Miyagi, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yumi","family":"Takano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Aging Research and Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo Machi, Sendai 980-8575, Miyagi, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shuko","family":"Nomura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Aging Research and Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo Machi, Sendai 980-8575, Miyagi, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hae Woon","family":"Baek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Aging Research and Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo Machi, Sendai 980-8575, Miyagi, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yasuyuki","family":"Taki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Aging Research and Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo Machi, Sendai 980-8575, Miyagi, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2018.02.018","article-title":"NIA-AA Research Framework: Toward a biological definition of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"14","author":"Jack","year":"2018","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2011.1841","article-title":"Plasma amyloid-beta as a predictor of dementia and cognitive decline: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"69","author":"Koyama","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch. 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