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Genetic mutations commonly observed in TSCC play a critical role in malignant progression; thus, elucidating their functional significance is essential for developing effective treatment strategies. To more accurately investigate the relationship between mutations and chemoresistance, we established low-passage TSCC cells, CTSC-1, obtained from a chemoresistant patient, and CTSC-2, from a treatment-na\u00efve patient. Sanger sequencing revealed a specific TP53 mutation (Q331*) in CTSC-1, leading to the loss of the tetramerization and C-terminal regulatory domains. Notably, CTSC-1 cells harboring TP53-Q331* and CTSC-2 cells with TP53 knockout that have been engineered to ectopically express TP53-Q331* exhibit enhanced chemoresistance and increased cancer stem cell-like properties. Mechanistically, TP53-Q331* upregulates the expression of inhibitor of DNA binding 2 (ID2), which is crucial for maintaining the stemness of TSCC cells. Subsequently, ID2 activates the expression of nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway-related genes ERCC4 and ERCC8, thereby enhancing the chemoresistance in TSCC. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that the TP53-Q331* mutation enhances TSCC chemoresistance through an ID2-mediated NER pathway, providing a potential prognostic marker and therapeutic target for TSCC chemotherapy resistance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26052353","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,6]],"date-time":"2025-03-06T06:02:13Z","timestamp":1741240933000},"page":"2353","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["A Truncated Mutation of TP53 Promotes Chemoresistance in Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Xiaoyun","family":"Du","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junheng","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangwan","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3702-3401","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"278","article-title":"Essential news of current guidelines: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"15","author":"Fuereder","year":"2022","journal-title":"memo\u2014Mag. 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