{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T06:08:22Z","timestamp":1768802902589,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":105,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]],"date-time":"2025-03-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741305600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the National Research Foundation of Korea","award":["RS-2023-0024337661382"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2023-0024337661382"]}]},{"name":"the National Research Foundation of Korea","award":["RS-2024-00411709"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2024-00411709"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science and ICT","award":["RS-2023-0024337661382"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2023-0024337661382"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science and ICT","award":["RS-2024-00411709"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2024-00411709"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cancer, a worldwide problem and one of the leading causes of death due to uncontrolled cell proliferation, can be caused by various factors, such as genetic and environmental factors. Apoptosis is a programmed cell death mechanism that eliminates abnormal cells or renews cells. There are two main apoptotic pathways: intrinsic and extrinsic pathways. These pathways can be affected by various signaling pathways in cancer, such as the PI3K\/AKT, MAPK, Wnt, and JAK\/STAT pathways. Numerous approaches to cancer treatment have been studied, and among them, natural compounds have been actively researched. Flavonoids are natural compounds from fruits and vegetables and have been studied for their anti-cancer effects. Isoflavones, one of the subclasses of flavonoids, are usually found in soy food or legumes and are effective in several bioactive functions. The well-known isoflavones are genistein, daidzein, and glycitein. Irigenin and iridin can be extracted from the Iris family. Both irigenin and iridin are currently being studied for anti-inflammation, antioxidant, and anti-cancer by inducing apoptosis. In this review, we summarized five isoflavones, genistein, daidzein, glycitein, irigenin, and iridin and their effects on three different cancers: breast cancer, prostate cancer, and gastric cancer.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26062390","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]],"date-time":"2025-03-07T07:05:46Z","timestamp":1741331146000},"page":"2390","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The Effects of Iridin and Irigenin on Cancer: Comparison with Well-Known Isoflavones in Breast, Prostate, and Gastric Cancers"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-3389-8100","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yaeram","family":"Won","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4983-2321","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hun-Hwan","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of Life Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Se-Hyo","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of Life Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1691-7844","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pritam Bhagwan","family":"Bhosale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of Life Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6088-1485","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abuyaseer","family":"Abusaliya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of Life Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeong-Doo","family":"Heo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biological Resources Research Group, Gyeongnam Department of Environment Toxicology and Chemistry, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 17 Jegok-gil, Jinju 52834, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1177-6958","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Je-Kyung","family":"Seong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Goenomics, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mee-Jung","family":"Ahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, College of Life Science, Sangji University, Wonju 26339, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7067-6810","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hye-Jung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7048-458X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gon-Sup","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of Life Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1398","DOI":"10.2174\/1871520620666200423071759","article-title":"Flavonoid-based cancer therapy: An updated review","volume":"20","author":"Hosseinzadeh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anti Cancer Agents Med. 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