{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T23:58:10Z","timestamp":1783641490397,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,11]],"date-time":"2025-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741651200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32172788"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32172788"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Music as an environmental factor can maintain intestinal health in animals, but it is unclear whether this effect is influenced by the tones of the music. In this study, 100 Kunming white mice were randomly divided into control group (C group) with no music, and three music groups were exposed to Mozart K.448 in D, A and G tone (D group, A group and G group), respectively. To study the effects of different tones of Mozart K.448 on intestinal barrier and intestinal microbiota, mice were given musical stimulation from 1 to 63 days of age. The results showed that no apparent abnormalities were observed in the structure of ileum among groups. The mRNA expression levels of genes related to intestinal physical barrier (Claudin-1, Claudin-12, ZO-2, Mucin2, ZO-1 and Claudin-5) were significantly higher in music groups than those in C group (p &lt; 0.05), and the mRNA expression levels of intestinal barrier genes in D group were the highest (p &lt; 0.05). The levels of intestinal mucosal permeability (DAO and D-lactate) in D group were significantly lower than those in other groups (p &lt; 0.05). Ileum HSP60 mRNA level in D group were significantly lower than that in other groups (p &lt; 0.05). The mRNA expression level of IgA was significantly higher in music groups than C group (p &lt; 0.05). Additionally, the mRNA and protein expression levels of IgG were significantly higher in D group than other groups (p &lt; 0.05). Music stimulation increased the abundance of beneficial microbiota, such as Lactobacillus and Sporosarcina (p &lt; 0.05). Mozart K.448 can strengthen intestinal barrier function to reduce intestinal permeability and improve intestinal immunity, while also having a positive significance in promoting the colonization of beneficial intestinal microbiota. In addition, the effect of tone D was more significant.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26062482","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,11]],"date-time":"2025-03-11T06:52:30Z","timestamp":1741675950000},"page":"2482","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Music of Different Tones Maintains Intestinal Immunity by Regulating the Intestinal Barrier and Intestinal Microbiota"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Yong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minghang","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongyu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiang","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanyuan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6623-5502","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haidong","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Bao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7736-0333","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianhong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150030, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e5162","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.5162","article-title":"The effects of auditory enrichment on zebrafish behavior and physiology","volume":"6","author":"Barcellos","year":"2018","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2017.01.024","article-title":"The effect of different genres of music on the stress levels of kennelled dogs","volume":"171","author":"Bowman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Physiol. 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