{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T18:44:55Z","timestamp":1790361895310,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,13]],"date-time":"2025-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741824000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022YFC3500303"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFC3500303"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZYYCXTD-C-202009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZYYCXTD-C-202009"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Innovation Team and Talents Cultivation Program of the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine","award":["2022YFC3500303"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFC3500303"]}]},{"name":"Innovation Team and Talents Cultivation Program of the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine","award":["ZYYCXTD-C-202009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZYYCXTD-C-202009"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aims to establish a hypobaric hypoxia-induced immune injury model and investigate the intervention and therapeutic effects of Astragaloside IV (AS-IV). This study simulated hypobaric hypoxia stimulation in mice at an altitude of 7000 m on a plateau for 1, 3, 5, and 7 days. HE staining and transcriptomic analysis were performed on mouse spleens. In addition, AS-IV was selected for intervention in prevention and treatment, and validated by flow cytometry, ELISA, and Q-PCR. The results showed that under simulated hypoxic conditions at an altitude of 7000 m for 5 days, the peripheral blood lymphocytes of mice decreased, and the CD45+ cells, CD3+ T cells, and CD3+CD4+ T cells, and CD4+\/CD8+ cell ratio in the spleen all decreased. AS-IV can significantly alleviate pathological damage to the spleen, decrease serum levels of IL-2 and IL-6, increase IL-4 and IL-10, and raise CD3+CD4+ T cells and the CD4+\/CD8+ cell ratio in peripheral blood and the spleen, while increasing CD4+IFN-\u03b3+cells in spleen, reducing ROS and apoptosis levels in spleen, and increasing the content of relevant mRNA in the Th1\/Th2 cell pathway. In summary, simulating hypoxia at an altitude of 7000 m for 5 days can establish a stable hypobaric hypoxic immune injury model, and AS-IV can effectively alleviate hypobaric hypoxic immune injury.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26062584","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,13]],"date-time":"2025-03-13T06:53:00Z","timestamp":1741848780000},"page":"2584","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Th1\/Th2 Immune Imbalance in the Spleen of Mice Induced by Hypobaric Hypoxia Stimulation and Therapeutic Intervention of Astragaloside IV"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Rong","family":"Gao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China"},{"name":"Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100859, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenhui","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100859, China"},{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wanyun","family":"Dang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China"},{"name":"Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100859, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tingyu","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100859, China"},{"name":"School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junru","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China"},{"name":"Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100859, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongbo","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China"},{"name":"Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100859, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jialu","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100859, China"},{"name":"School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, 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