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For this purpose, we compared the levels of miR-21-5p, miR-205-5p, and miR-222-3p in endometrial cancer tissues with the levels of these miRs in the serum of patients using the dPCR method. Our study is preliminary and consists of comparing the changes in miRNA expression in serum to the changes in miRNA in tissue of patients with endometrial cancer. The study included 18 patients with EC and 19 patients undergoing surgery for pelvic organ prolapse or uterine fibroids as a control group without neoplastic lesions. Endometrial tissue and serum were collected from all patients. The analyses showed an increased expression of miR-205-5p in endometrial cancer tissue and decreased expression of miR-222-3p in tissue and serum samples. These results suggest that miR-205-5p and miR-222-3p may be potential endometrial cancer biomarkers. Only miR-222-3p confirmed its decreased expression in serum, making it a potential and easily accessible marker in the diagnosis of endometrial cancer. This pilot study requires further investigation in a larger group of patients. Its advantages include the possibility of a comparison between miRNA expression in tissue and serum, as well as conducting the study using dPCR.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26062615","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,14]],"date-time":"2025-03-14T07:02:16Z","timestamp":1741935736000},"page":"2615","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["MiR-205-5p and MiR-222-3p as Potential Biomarkers of Endometrial Cancer"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-8816-0290","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Bogaczyk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology, Gynecology Oncology and Obstetrics, Fryderyk Chopin University Hospital, 35-055 Rzeszow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5505-3922","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalia","family":"Potocka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Centre for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Rzeszow, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7865-2661","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sylwia","family":"Paszek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Rzeszow, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marzena","family":"Skrzypa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Centre for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Rzeszow, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alina","family":"Zuchowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Rzeszow, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Micha\u0142","family":"Ko\u015bny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4100-4924","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Kluz-Bar\u0142owska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Fryderyk Chopin University Hospital, 35-055 Rzeszow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5772-0573","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrzej","family":"Wr\u00f3bel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Department of Gynecology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-090 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-4168-9410","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan","family":"Wr\u00f3bel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Faculty, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Izabela","family":"Zawlik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Centre for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Rzeszow, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Rzeszow, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4798-3986","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomasz","family":"Kluz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology, Gynecology Oncology and Obstetrics, Fryderyk Chopin University Hospital, 35-055 Rzeszow, Poland"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Rzeszow, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21492","article-title":"Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries","volume":"68","author":"Bray","year":"2018","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. 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