{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T14:55:13Z","timestamp":1793890513678,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":261,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,19]],"date-time":"2025-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742342400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Guangxi Science and Technology Major Program","award":["AA24263028"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AA24263028"]}]},{"name":"Guangxi Science and Technology Major Program","award":["2022-36-Z05"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022-36-Z05"]}]},{"name":"Scientific and Technological Innovation Major Base of Guangxi","award":["AA24263028"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AA24263028"]}]},{"name":"Scientific and Technological Innovation Major Base of Guangxi","award":["2022-36-Z05"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022-36-Z05"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\u03b3\u03b4T cells, a distinct group of T lymphocytes, serve as a link between innate and adaptive immune responses. They are pivotal in the pathogenesis of various liver disorders, such as viral hepatitis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), alcoholic liver disease (ALD), liver fibrosis, autoimmune liver diseases, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Despite their importance, the functional diversity and regulatory mechanisms of \u03b3\u03b4T cells remain incompletely understood. Recent advances in high-throughput single-cell sequencing and spatial transcriptomics have revealed significant heterogeneity among \u03b3\u03b4T cell subsets, particularly V\u03b41+ and V\u03b42+, which exhibit distinct immunological roles. V\u03b41+ T cells are mainly tissue-resident and contribute to tumor immunity and chronic inflammation, while V\u03b42+ T cells, predominantly found in peripheral blood, play roles in systemic immune surveillance but may undergo dysfunction in chronic liver diseases. Additionally, \u03b3\u03b4T17 cells exacerbate inflammation in NAFLD and ALD, whereas IFN-\u03b3-secreting \u03b3\u03b4T cells contribute to antiviral and antifibrotic responses. These discoveries have laid the foundation for the creation of innovative solutions. \u03b3\u03b4T cell-based immunotherapeutic approaches, such as adoptive cell transfer, immune checkpoint inhibition, and strategies targeting metabolic pathways. Future research should focus on harnessing \u03b3\u03b4T cells\u2019 therapeutic potential through targeted interventions, offering promising prospects for precision immunotherapy in liver diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26062778","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,19]],"date-time":"2025-03-19T10:38:48Z","timestamp":1742380728000},"page":"2778","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Diverse Subsets of \u03b3\u03b4T Cells and Their Specific Functions Across Liver Diseases"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-1710-7437","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chenjie","family":"Zhan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Talent Highland of Major New Drugs Innovation and Development, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunxiu","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Talent Highland of Major New Drugs Innovation and Development, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huaxiu","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Talent Highland of Major New Drugs Innovation and Development, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ke","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Talent Highland of Major New Drugs Innovation and Development, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yangzhi","family":"Ou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Talent Highland of Major New Drugs Innovation and Development, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiyong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Talent Highland of Major New Drugs Innovation and Development, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, Robert-Wood-Johnson Medical School University Hospital, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-8554, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22034","article-title":"Liver: An Organ with Predominant Innate Immunity","volume":"47","author":"Gao","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3384","article-title":"Six-of-the-Best: Unique Contributions of \u0393\u03b4 T Cells to Immunology","volume":"13","author":"Vantourout","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. 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