{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T18:36:10Z","timestamp":1792175770053,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,21]],"date-time":"2025-03-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742515200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"EU projects Solve-RD, EJP-RD and CINECA Project","award":["H2020 779257"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["H2020 779257"]}]},{"name":"EU projects Solve-RD, EJP-RD and CINECA Project","award":["H2020 825575"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["H2020 825575"]}]},{"name":"EU projects Solve-RD, EJP-RD and CINECA Project","award":["H2020 825775"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["H2020 825775"]}]},{"name":"EU projects Solve-RD, EJP-RD and CINECA Project","award":["917.164.455"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["917.164.455"]}]},{"name":"EU projects Solve-RD, EJP-RD and CINECA Project","award":["184.034.019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["184.034.019"]}]},{"name":"NWO","award":["H2020 779257"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["H2020 779257"]}]},{"name":"NWO","award":["H2020 825575"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["H2020 825575"]}]},{"name":"NWO","award":["H2020 825775"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["H2020 825775"]}]},{"name":"NWO","award":["917.164.455"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["917.164.455"]}]},{"name":"NWO","award":["184.034.019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["184.034.019"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Inherited neurological disorders, such as spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) and fragile X (FraX), are frequently caused by short tandem repeat (STR) expansions. The detection and assessment of STRs is important for diagnostics and prognosis. We tested the abilities of nanopore long-read sequencing (LRS) using a custom panel including the nine most common SCA-related genes and FraX and created raw data to report workflow. Using known STR lengths for 23 loci in 12 patients, a pipeline was validated to detect and report STR lengths. In addition, we assessed the capability to detect SNVs, indels, and the methylation status in the same test. For the 23 loci, 22 were concordant with known STR lengths, while for the last, one of three replicates differed, indicating an artefact. All positive control STRs were detected as likely pathogenic, with no additional findings after a visual assessment of repeat motifs. Out of 226 SNV and Indel variants, two were false positive and one false negative (accuracy 98.7%). In all FMR1 controls, a methylation status could be determined. In conclusion, LRS is suitable as a diagnostic workflow for STR analysis in neurological disorders and can be generalized to other diseases. The addition of SNV\/Indel and methylation detection promises to allow for a one-test-fits-all workflow.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26072850","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,21]],"date-time":"2025-03-21T09:09:07Z","timestamp":1742548147000},"page":"2850","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Nanopore Long-Read Sequencing as a First-Tier Diagnostic Test to Detect Repeat Expansions in Neurological Disorders"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7138-8642","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eddy N.","family":"de Boer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 CP Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arjen J.","family":"Scheper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 CP Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dennis","family":"Hendriksen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 CP Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-6025-6859","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bart","family":"Charbon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 CP Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-1422-1435","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gerben","family":"van der Vries","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 CP Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annelies M.","family":"ten Berge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 CP Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petra M.","family":"Grootscholten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 CP Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2748-803X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Henny H.","family":"Lemmink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 CP Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0663-404X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan D. H.","family":"Jongbloed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 CP Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Bosscher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 CP Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-2916-1524","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nine V. A. M.","family":"Knoers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 CP Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0979-3401","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Morris A.","family":"Swertz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 CP Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Birgit","family":"Sikkema-Raddatz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 CP Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6923-9237","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dorieke J.","family":"Dijkstra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 CP Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4914-3737","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lennart F.","family":"Johansson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 CP Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9283-2207","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cleo C.","family":"van Diemen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 CP Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1176","article-title":"Epidemiology of spinocerebellar ataxias in Europe","volume":"23","author":"Ferrandes","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cerebellum"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paed.2020.08.007","article-title":"Fragile X syndrome: An overview of cause, characteristics, assessment and management","volume":"30","author":"Crawford","year":"2020","journal-title":"Paediatr. 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