{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:02:11Z","timestamp":1760058131427,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,21]],"date-time":"2025-03-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742515200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study evaluated the differential expression of four placental markers\u2014vitamin D receptor (VDR), Cluster of Differentiation 44 (CD44), osteopontin (OPN), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)\u2014in response to pathogens, which may contribute to our understanding of pathogen-specific impacts on pregnancy outcomes. We immunohistochemically (IHC) analyzed placental tissues obtained from 70 healthy-term pregnant women in the control group and compared them to tissues obtained from 78 women with pregnancy above 24 weeks of gestation, single-pathogen vaginal infection, and premature rupture of membranes\/preterm premature rupture of membranes (PROM\/PPROM). We detected high expression of these four molecules in cases of Group B Streptococcus (GBS) and Ureaplasma urealyticum vaginal infections, and moderate expression in cases of Enterobacteriaceae infections, except for Klebsiella; the cases with Klebsiella and Candida species (spp.) vaginitis exhibited a lower expression compared to the healthy control group. VDR, CD44, and OPN had increased placental expression in GBS and Ureaplasma urealyticum vaginal infections; the opportunistic pathogenicity of both Escherichia coli and Candida spp. explains their low IHC positivity, and the tremendous ability of Gram-negative bacteria to elude the host immunity is revealed by the negative IHC staining in cases of Klebsiella vaginitis. These findings suggest that pathogen-specific alterations in the expression of these markers may contribute to the differential risk stratification of pregnancy complications and may mitigate the risks of adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. Interventions aiming to modulate these pathways might improve pregnancy outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26072863","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,21]],"date-time":"2025-03-21T10:10:08Z","timestamp":1742551808000},"page":"2863","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Placental Molecular Expression of Different Pathogenic Vaginal Infections"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2862-2069","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniela Roxana","family":"Matasariu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, \u201cCuza Voda\u201d Hospital, 700038 Iasi, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Mother and Child, University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201cGr. T. Popa\u201d, 700115 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Constantin","family":"Condac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, \u201cCuza Voda\u201d Hospital, 700038 Iasi, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201cLucian Blaga\u201d, 550169 Sibiu, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7391-3394","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victoria","family":"B\u00eerlu\u021biu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201cLucian Blaga\u201d, 550169 Sibiu, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3994-6579","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ludmila","family":"Lozneanu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences I\u2014Histology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201cGr. T. Popa\u201d, 700115 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Iuliana Elena","family":"Bujor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mother and Child, University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201cGr. T. Popa\u201d, 700115 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5825-6189","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vasile Lucian","family":"Boiculese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biostatistics, Department of Preventive Medicine and Interdisciplinarity, University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201cGr. T. Popa\u201d, 700115 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4482-2618","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mihai","family":"Sava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201cLucian Blaga\u201d, 550169 Sibiu, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8207-7655","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandra","family":"Ursache","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mother and Child, University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201cGr. T. Popa\u201d, 700115 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"e12700","article-title":"Prevalence, Etiology, and Associated Symptoms of Vaginal Discharge During Pregnancy in Women Seen in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Bihar","volume":"13","author":"Prasad","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Daskalakis, G., Psarris, A., Koutras, A., Fasoulakis, Z., Prokopakis, I., Varthaliti, A., Karasmani, C., Ntounis, T., Domali, E., and Theodora, M. (2023). Maternal Infection and Preterm Birth: From Molecular Basis to Clinical Implications. 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