{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T16:49:20Z","timestamp":1790786960087,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":283,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,25]],"date-time":"2025-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742860800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The apelinergic system exerts multiple biological activities in human pathologies, including cancer. Overactivation of apelin\/APJ, which has been detected in many malignant tumors, and the strong correlation with progression-free and overall survival, suggested the role of an oncogene for the apelin gene. Emerging evidence sheds new light on the effects of apelin on cellular functions and homeostasis in cancer cells and supports a direct role for this pathway on different hallmarks of cancer: \u201csustaining proliferative signaling\u201d, \u201cresisting cell death\u201d, \u201cactivating invasion and metastasis\u201d, \u201cinducing\/accessing vasculature\u201d, \u201creprogramming cellular metabolism\u201d, \u201cavoiding immune destruction\u201d and \u201ctumor-promoting inflammation\u201d, and \u201cenabling replicative immortality\u201d. This article reviews the currently available literature on the intracellular processes regulated by apelin\/APJ, focusing on those pathways correlated with tumor development and progression. Furthermore, the association between the activity of the apelinergic axis and the resistance of cancer cells to oncologic treatments (chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiation) suggests apelin\/APJ as a possible target to potentiate traditional therapies, as well as to develop diagnostic and prognostic applications. This issue will be also covered in the review.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26072986","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,25]],"date-time":"2025-03-25T08:42:35Z","timestamp":1742892155000},"page":"2986","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Apelin\/APJ: Another Player in the Cancer Biology Network"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Laura","family":"Naldi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"\u201cPituitary Diseases and Sodium Alterations\u201d Unit, AOU Careggi, 50139 Florence, Italy"},{"name":"Endocrinology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences \u201cMario Serio\u201d, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6417-434X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandro","family":"Peri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u201cPituitary Diseases and Sodium Alterations\u201d Unit, AOU Careggi, 50139 Florence, Italy"},{"name":"Endocrinology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences \u201cMario Serio\u201d, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benedetta","family":"Fibbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u201cPituitary Diseases and Sodium Alterations\u201d Unit, AOU Careggi, 50139 Florence, Italy"},{"name":"Endocrinology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences \u201cMario Serio\u201d, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1119(93)90495-O","article-title":"A Human Gene That Shows Identity with the Gene Encoding the Angiotensin Receptor Is Located on Chromosome 11","volume":"136","author":"Heiber","year":"1993","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvy010","article-title":"Role of Smooth Muscle Cells in Vascular Calcification: Implications in Atherosclerosis and Arterial Stiffness","volume":"114","author":"Durham","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. 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