{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,11]],"date-time":"2026-11-11T01:22:36Z","timestamp":1794360156831,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":204,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,27]],"date-time":"2025-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743033600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Salerno","award":["FARB 2023\/2024\u2014ORSA232311\/ORSA240949"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FARB 2023\/2024\u2014ORSA232311\/ORSA240949"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a condition caused by the gradual decline of renal function that approximatively affects 10\u201312% of the world population, thus representing a public health priority. In CKD patients, chronic and systemic low-grade inflammation is observed, and it significantly contributes to disease development and progression, especially for patients with advanced disease. It also results in CKD-associated complications and increased mortality. The low-grade inflammation is due to different factors, such as the decline of glomerular filtration rate, increased immune system activation, reactive oxygen species release, and intestinal homeostasis. Therefore, the possibility to control chronic low-grade inflammation in CKD deserves great attention. In this review, we will examine the current possible pharmacological approaches to counteract the inflammatory state in CKD, focusing our attention both on the pro-inflammatory factors and the pro-resolving mediators involved in CKD inflammatory state.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26073072","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,28]],"date-time":"2025-03-28T04:11:40Z","timestamp":1743135100000},"page":"3072","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Targeting Inflammatory Imbalance in Chronic Kidney Disease: Focus on Anti-Inflammatory and Resolution Mediators"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Rosaria Margherita","family":"Rispoli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy"},{"name":"PhD Program in Drug Discovery and Development, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9843-8443","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ada","family":"Popolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1302-4621","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vincenzo","family":"De Fabrizio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy"},{"name":"PhD Program in Drug Discovery and Development, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberta","family":"d\u2019Emmanuele di Villa Bianca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8423-9489","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppina","family":"Autore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6328-3640","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jesmond","family":"Dalli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London E1 4NS, UK"},{"name":"Centre of Inflammation and Therapeutic Innovation, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2333-1630","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefania","family":"Marzocco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kisu.2021.11.003","article-title":"Epidemiology of chronic kidney disease: An update 2022","volume":"12","author":"Kovesdy","year":"2011","journal-title":"Kidney Int. 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