{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T22:26:57Z","timestamp":1787956017177,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,27]],"date-time":"2025-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743033600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Key Research and Development Project Innovation Base of Heilongjiang Province","award":["JD2023SJ22"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JD2023SJ22"]}]},{"name":"Key Research and Development Project Innovation Base of Heilongjiang Province","award":["BSAUEA5740600223"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BSAUEA5740600223"]}]},{"name":"Aerospace Science and Technology Collaborative Innovation Center Project","award":["JD2023SJ22"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JD2023SJ22"]}]},{"name":"Aerospace Science and Technology Collaborative Innovation Center Project","award":["BSAUEA5740600223"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BSAUEA5740600223"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Space flight has many adverse effects on the physiological functions of astronauts. Certain similarities have been observed in some physiological processes of rodents and astronauts in space, although there are also differences. These similarities make rodents helpful models for initial investigations into space-induced physiological changes. This study uses a 3D-Clinostat to simulate microgravity and explores the role of microgravity in space flight-induced liver and brain abnormalities by comparing changes in the gut microbiota, serum metabolites, and the function and physiological biochemistry of liver and brain tissues between the simulated microgravity (SMG) group mice and the wild type (WT) group mice. The study, based on hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, 16S sequencing technology, and non-targeted metabolomics analysis, shows that the gut tissue morphology of the SMG group mice is abnormal, and the structure of the gut microbiota and the serum metabolite profile are imbalanced. Furthermore, using PICRUST 2 technology, we have predicted the functions of the gut microbiota and serum metabolites, and the results indicate that the liver metabolism and functions (including lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and sugar metabolism, etc.) of the SMG group mice are disrupted, and the brain tissue metabolism and functions (including neurotransmitters and hormone secretion, etc.) are abnormal, suggesting a close relationship between microgravity and liver metabolic dysfunction and brain dysfunction. Additionally, the high similarity in the structure of the gut microbiota and serum metabolite profile between the fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) group mice and the SMG group mice, and the physiological and biochemical differences in liver and brain tissues compared to the WT group mice, suggest that microgravity induces imbalances in the gut microbiota, which in turn triggers abnormalities in liver and brain metabolism and function. Finally, through MetaMapp analysis and Pearson correlation analysis, we found that valeric acid, a metabolite of gut microbiota, is more likely to be the key metabolite that relates to microgravity-induced gut microbiota abnormalities, disorders of amino acid and lipid metabolism, and further induced metabolic or functional disorders in the liver and brain. This study has significant practical application value for deepening the understanding of the adaptability of living organisms in the space environment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26073094","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,28]],"date-time":"2025-03-28T04:11:40Z","timestamp":1743135100000},"page":"3094","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Molecular Mechanism of Microgravity-Induced Intestinal Flora Dysbiosis on the Abnormalities of Liver and Brain Metabolism"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Yi","family":"Xiong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China"},{"name":"National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China"},{"name":"School of Medicine and Health, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China"},{"name":"Zhengzhou Research Institute, Harbin Institute of Technology, Zhengzhou 450000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianguo","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Human Diseases Animal Model Resource Center, National Center of Technology Innovation for Animal Model, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, NHC Key Laboratory of Comparative Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, CAMS & PUMC, Beijing 100021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenchen","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China"},{"name":"National and Local 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Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, NHC Key Laboratory of Comparative Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, CAMS & PUMC, Beijing 100021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Human Diseases Animal Model Resource Center, National Center of Technology Innovation for Animal Model, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, NHC Key Laboratory of Comparative Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, CAMS & PUMC, Beijing 100021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4678-8177","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nadtochii Liudmila","family":"Anatolyevna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhengzhou Research Institute, Harbin Institute of Technology, Zhengzhou 450000, China"},{"name":"School of Life Sciences, International Research Centre Biotechnologies of the Third Millennium, ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9284-4379","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Denis","family":"Baranenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhengzhou Research Institute, Harbin Institute of Technology, Zhengzhou 450000, China"},{"name":"School of Life Sciences, International Research Centre Biotechnologies of the Third Millennium, ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, 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